Ama-athomu nama-molecule ayimiqondo eyisisekelo kumakhemikhali, futhi nakuba evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalokhu kokubili. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-athomu ne-molecule.
Ama-athomu vs. Amamolekyuli: Ayini?
I-athomu iyiyunithi eyisisekelo yento engakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali. Yakhiwe yi-nucleus emaphakathi equkethe ama-proton ne-neutron, ezungezwe ama-electron azungezayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-molecule iyiyunithi encane kakhulu yento egcina zonke izici zamakhemikhali zaleyo nto. Yakhiwe ngama-athomu amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-athomu ne-molecule
1. Ukwakheka
I-athomu iyiyunithi eyisisekelo yendaba futhi yakhiwe i-nucleus emaphakathi equkethe ama-proton ne-neutron, ezungezwe ama-electron azungezayo. I-molecule, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yakhiwe ama-athomu amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali.
2. Usayizi
Ngobukhulu, ama-athomu mancane kakhulu kunama-molecule. Ngokwesibonelo, i-athomu ye-hydrogen inobubanzi obungaba ama-nanometer angu-0,1, kuyilapho i-molecule yamanzi inobubanzi obungama-nanometer angu-0,3.
3. Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali
Ama-athomu anezinto zamakhemikhali ezihlukile ezincike enambeni ye-athomu nokumiswa kwe-elekthronikhi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-athomu anamakhemikhali ancike kokubili kuma-athomu awakhayo nasendleleni lawo ma-athomu ahlangana ngayo.
4. Isibopho Samakhemikhali
Ama-athomu angahlanganiswa ndawonye ngamabhondi amakhemikhali ukuze akhe ama-molecule. Amabhondi amakhemikhali angaba covalent, ionic noma metallic. Kumabhondi ahlangene, ama-athomu abelana ngama-electron ukuze akhe i-molecule. Kumabhondi e-ionic, ama-athomu adlulisela ama-electron ukuze akhe ama-ion akhangana. Kumabhondi ensimbi, ama-athomu abelana ngama-electron esakhiweni sekristalu.
5. I-Chemical Formula
Ifomula yamakhemikhali ye-athomu imane iwuphawu lwayo, njengokuthi H we-hydrogen noma O we-oxygen. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-molecule, kubonisa inombolo nohlobo lwama-athomu aluqambayo. Isibonelo, ifomula yamakhemikhali yamanzi i-H2O, ekhombisa ukuthi i-molecule yamanzi yakhiwe ama-athomu amabili e-hydrogen ne-athomu eyodwa ye-oxygen.
6. Isimo Sendaba
Ama-athomu angaba khona ezimeni ezahlukahlukene zento, njengokuqinile, uketshezi noma igesi. Ama-molecule angaba khona ezimeni ezihlukene zendaba, kodwa isimo sawo sincike endleleni ama-molecule asebenzisana ngayo kanye nohlobo lwamandla e-intermolecular akhona.
Isiphetho
Ngamafuphi, ama-athomu nama-molecule ayimiqondo eyisisekelo kumakhemikhali. Ama-athomu ayiyunithi eyisisekelo yento, kuyilapho ama-molecule enziwe ama-athomu amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali. Kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalokhu okubili, njengokubunjwa kwazo, ubukhulu, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, izibopho zamakhemikhali, ifomula yamakhemikhali kanye nesimo sendaba. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile ekuqondeni amakhemikhali nokuthi izakhi ezahlukene nezinhlanganisela zisebenzisana kanjani emhlabeni osizungezile.
Izihloko Ezingaphansi:
1. Ukwakhiwa Kwe-Athomu
2. Ukubunjwa Kwemolekyuli
3. Usayizi We-athomu vs. Usayizi Wemolekyuli
4. Izakhiwo Zekhemikhali Ze-athomu kanye Nengqamuzana
5. I-Chemical Bond Ku-athomu kanye ne-Molekyuli
6. I-Chemical Formula ye-Athomu ne-Molecule
7. Isimo Sendaba Ye-athomu kanye Nengqamuzana
Sazi kanjani ukuthi AMA-ATOMS AKHONA?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2Oe-j2YgEw
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kulesi sigaba, sizophendula imibuzo evame ukubuzwa evame ukuvela lapho kuqhathaniswa i-athomu ne-molecule. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uphendule imibuzo yakho!
1. Yini i-athomu?
I-athomu iyiyunithi eyisisekelo yento. Yakhiwe nge-nucleus yama-proton ne-neutron, ezungezwe ama-electron azungezayo. Ama-athomu mancane ngokwanele ukuthi awakwazi ukubonakala ngeso lenyama.
Isibonelo: I-Hydrogen iyisici esilula futhi sakhiwe i-athomu eyodwa.
2. Yini i-molecule?
I-molecule iyinhlanganisela yama-athomu amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngamabhondi amakhemikhali. Ama-molecule angaba lula noma ayinkimbinkimbi futhi akhona kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto eziningi zansuku zonke.
Isibonelo: Amanzi i-molecule eyakhiwe ama-athomu amabili e-hydrogen kanye ne-athomu eyodwa ye-oxygen (H2O).
3. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-athomu ne-molecule?
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-athomu ne-molecule ukuthi i-athomu iyiyunithi eyisisekelo yento futhi ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa izingxenye ezincane, kuyilapho i-molecule yakhiwe ama-athomu amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlanganiswe ndawonye.
Ukwengeza, ama-athomu aneshaja kagesi engathathi hlangothi, kuyilapho ama-molecule angaba nokushaja okuhle noma okungalungile.
4. Akhiwa kanjani ama-molecule?
Ama-molecule akhiwa lapho ama-athomu amabili noma ngaphezulu ehlanganiswa ngamabhondi amakhemikhali. Lezi zibopho zingaba yi-covalent, ionic noma i-metallic, futhi zinqunywa isakhiwo se-elekthronikhi sama-athomu akha i-molecule.
Isibonelo: I-molecule ye-carbon dioxide (CO2) yenziwe nge-athomu ye-carbon eyodwa nama-athomu amabili oksijini axhunywe ndawonye ngamabhondi ahlangene.
5. Kungani kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwama-athomu nama- molecule?
Kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwama-athomu nama-molecule ngoba kusivumela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi izinto zakhiwe kanjani nokuthi zixhumana kanjani. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqondeni izinqubo eziningi zebhayoloji namakhemikhali, kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile.
Ngokwesibonelo, ulwazi lokwakheka kwamangqamuzana e-DNA luye lwavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokushintsha izakhi zofuzo eziye zashintsha kakhulu kwezokwelapha nobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo.
Ukuvala
Kafushane, i-athomu iyiyunithi eyisisekelo yento, kuyilapho i-molecule yakhiwa ama-athomu amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngamabhondi amakhemikhali. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwemiqondo yomibili kubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuthi izinto zisebenza kanjani kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo nomhlaba osizungezile.
Sithemba ukuthi siyixazulule yonke imibuzo yakho mayelana nama-athomu nama-molecule!
Yabelana ngalolu lwazi
Sithemba ukuthi usijabulele lesi sihloko futhi uthole izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho. Uma ukuthole kuwusizo, wabelane ngakho nabangani bakho ezinkundleni zokuxhumana! Futhi uma unanoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukuphawula, zizwe ukhululekile ukusishiyela umlayezo ngezansi noma uthinte umlawuli webhulogi. Siyabonga ngokusifunda!
