Ulimi lwesiXinca, olukhulunywa abantu baseXinka eGuatemala, luwulimi lwendabuko okuthi nakuba lusengozini yokushabalala, luvusa isasasa elikhulu ngenxa yokunotha kwamasiko. Ngaphakathi kwezici ezihlukahlukene zolimi, i izinombolo ku-xinca Zigqama ngesakhiwo sazo esiyingqayizivele kanye nenani elingokomlando. Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi ungabalwa kanjani kusukela kwekhulu kuye kwekhulu kulolu limi oluthakazelisayo, lesi sihloko sizokunikeza ukubukeka okuningiliziwe.
Hlola izinombolo e-Xinca Kusivumela ukuthi siqonde ingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laleli dolobha. Nakuba imibhalo ephathelene nalolu limi iyindlala, okwaziwayo ngesimiso salo samanani kwembula indlela ethakazelisa kakhulu yokuhlela umcabango. Ngezansi, sizohlukanisa izinombolo ze-Xinca ezibhalwe kakhulu nokuthi zakhiwa kanjani.
Izinombolo ku-Xinca zisuka ku-1 kuye ku-20
Kuhlelo lwezinombolo ze-Xinca, i izinombolo ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-20 Yiwona abhalwe futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu. Inombolo ngayinye inetemu layo kanti ezinye zithathwe ezinhlanganisela zamagama ayisisekelo. Nazi izinombolo ezisuka ku-1 kuye ku-20 ngesi-Xinca nokuhumusha kwazo okuhambisanayo:
- 1 – Ikal: Imele ukuqala kokubala.
- 2 - Piy': Isetshenziswa lapho kubandakanyeka izakhi ezimbili.
- 3 - Walar: Ibonisa izinto ezintathu noma amabhizinisi.
- 4 - I-Hiriya: Ifanekisela inombolo yesine.
- 5 – Pu': Maka inombolo yesihlanu.
- 6 - Takal: Inani lesithupha.
- 7 – Phula: Imele eziyisikhombisa ngolimi lwesiXinca.
- 8 - Kubuhlungu: Ikhombisa inombolo yesishiyagalombili.
- 9 – Hersar: Ibhekisela ezintweni eziyisishiyagalolunye.
- 10 - Pakin: Maka ukuphindaphinda kokuqala kweshumi.
- 11 - Pakinical: Inhlanganisela ye "Pakin" ne "Ikal" ukwenza ishumi nanye.
- 12 - Pakinpiy': Ishumi nambili, lisuselwe kokuthi "Pakin" kanye nokuthi "Piy'."
- 13 - Pakinwalar: Eyishumi nantathu, ehlanganisa "i-Pakin" ne "Walar."
- 14 - Pakinhiriya: Eyishumi nane, ehlanganisa "Pakin" kanye "Hiriya."
- 15 - Pakinpu': Eyishumi nanhlanu, ehlanganisa "i-Pakin" ne-"Pu'."
- 16 - Pakintakal: Eyishumi nesithupha, ehlanganisa "i-Pakin" ne "Takal."
- Iminyaka engu-17 - Pakinpulwa: Eyishumi nesikhombisa, eyakhiwe "Pakin" kanye "Pulwa."
- 18 - Pakinhürte: Ishumi nesishiyagalombili, kwengeza okuthi "Hürte" kokuthi "Pakin."
- 19 - Pakinhersar: Eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, ene-"Pakin" nethi "Hersar."
- I-20 - I-Ikalhurak: Amashumi amabili, inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele.
Ilukuluku kanye nesakhiwo sesistimu yezinombolo
Uhlelo lwezinombolo lwe-Xinca lubonakala ngokugxila kulo ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa. Ukuqala ngenombolo yeshumi (Pakin), amanani amakhulu akhiwa kusetshenziswa izisekelo. Isibonelo, "i-Pakinikal" ihlanganisa ishumi neyodwa ukuze ikhulise ishumi nanye, kanti "Ikalhurak" isho ukuqoqwa kwamayunithi angamashumi amabili.
Nakuba lungekho ulwazi oluphelele olutholakala ku- izinombolo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili Kunobufakazi obubhaliwe bokuthi uhlelo luvumela izibalo ezinkulu ukuba zakhiwe ngezinhlanganisela ezifanayo. Lokhu kuvula umnyango ocwaningweni olusha olungathola okwengeziwe ngalolu limi kanye nohlelo lwalo lokufaka izinombolo oluhlukile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinsiza zemfundo kanye namabhulogi amasiko, kushiwo ukuthi ulimi lwe-Xinca luhlanganisa namatemu okumele ashiwo amanani angaphezu kwekhulu. Nokho, lezi azibhalwanga kabanzi, okugcizelela isidingo sokulondoloza nokwakha kabusha lolu limi olusengozini.
Kulabo abafisa ukufunda kabanzi ngolimi lwesiXinca, kunemiphakathi ezinikele ekuhlengeni lolu limi ngezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi, izinsiza zemfundo, nemizamo yokuvuselela ukusetshenziswa kwalo ezizukulwaneni ezintsha. Izinombolo zokufunda ziyisinyathelo sokuqala esihle ukuze uxhumane naleli fa elicebile lamasiko.
Ulwazi olujulile lolimi lwe-Xinca luyisimemo sokuba yingxenye yokulondolozwa kwalo. Ukuhlola izici ezifana nezinombolo akusisizi nje kuphela ukuthi siqonde ulimi, kodwa futhi kusivumela ukuba sazise ukubaluleka kokugcina ifa lamasiko elingenakuthathelwa indawo liphila.
