1. Izenzo ezivamile nezingajwayelekile
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezenzi ngesiJalimane: ezejwayelekile nezingajwayelekile. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi izenzo zihlanganiswa kanjani kulolu limi.
Izenzo ezijwayelekile yilezo ezilandela isakhiwo nemithetho ethile lapho zihlanganiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izenzo ezingavamile yilezo ezine-conjugation ehlukile noma ekhethekile futhi azilandeli imithetho efanayo nezenzo ezivamile. Kuyadingeka ukwenza umzamo owengeziwe wokubamba ngekhanda lezi zihlanganisi ezithile.
2. I-infinitive kanye nomsuka wesenzo
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ekuhlanganiseni kwesenzo, kubalulekile ukubhekana nemiqondo emibili eyisisekelo ngohlelo lolimi lwesiJalimane: isiqu esingapheli kanye nesiqu sesenzo. I-infinitive iwuhlobo oluyisisekelo lwesenzo, kanti umsuka wesenzo uyinxenye ehlala njalo lapho usihlanganisa.
Ukuze sazi umsuka wesenzo, kufanele sisuse isiphetho "-en" kokungapheli. Isibonelo, umsuka wesenzo "spielen" (ukudlala) kungaba "spiel-".
3. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzo ezivamile esikhathini samanje
Ukuhlanganisa izenzo ezivamile zesiJalimane enkathini yamanje kulula kakhulu. Kufanele ucabangele kuphela umsuka wesenzo bese wengeza iziphetho ezilandelayo kuye ngesihloko:
- Ich(I)-e
- du(wena)-st
- Er, sie, es (yena, yena, yona) -t
- I-Wir (thina) -ngaphakathi
- Ihr (wena) -t
- Sie, sie (wena, bona) -ngaphakathi
4. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzo ezingajwayelekile okwamanje
Endabeni yezenzo ezingajwayelekile, umehluko omkhulu nezivamile ukuthi umsuka wesenzo ungashintsha lapho usihlanganisa. Isibonelo, endabeni yesenzo esithi "sehen" (ukubona), isiqu siyashintsha sisuka ku-"seh-" siye ku-"sieh-" kumuntu wesibili nowesithathu ebunyeni:
- Ngiyabona (Ich sehe)
- Du siehst (uyabona)
- Er, sie, es sieht (yena, yena, uyabona)
5. Isikhathi esidlule
I-compound past ingenye inkathi yesenzo edingekayo ukuze ukwazi kahle ngesiJalimane ukuze uveze izenzo ezenzeka esikhathini esidlule. Ukuze uhlanganise isenzo esakhiweni esidlule, sebenzisa isenzo esiyisizayo esithi "haben" (ukuba) noma "sein" (ukuba) sihlanganiswe okwamanje, silandelwe yisenzo esidlule sesenzo esiyinhloko.
Izinombolo zesiJalimane:
- 1: enye (eyodwa)
- 2: izwe (ezimbili)
- 3: idrei (drey)
- 4: fri (fi:r)
- 5: funf (funf)
- 6: amasekhondi (amasekhondi)
- 7: isikhombisa
- 8: acht (ajt)
- 9: neun (noin)
- 10: zehn (tsen)
Ukulandela lo mhlahlandlela ophelele wezenzo zesiJalimane kuzokusiza ukwakha isisekelo esiqinile ekuhlanganiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezenzo kulolu limi. Ngokuzinikela, ukuzijwayeza, kanye nokubekezela, uzokwazi kahle lesi sici esiyisisekelo sesiJalimane futhi ukwazi ukuxhumana kahle nangokuzethemba.
