- Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo kuyinqubo eqhubekayo ehlanganisa ukuhleleka, izindlela, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokuhlola ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufunda kwabafundi.
- Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali okuhlelwe kahle kuvumela ukufundisa komuntu siqu, kunciphisa ukuhlukana kwedijithali, futhi kuthuthukise amakhono abalulekile emphakathini wezemfundo.
- Izindlela ezifana nokudlala imidlalo, ukufunda ngokubambisana, amaphrojekthi, i-virtual reality kanye ne-flipped pedagogy zihlela kabusha izindima zothisha nabafundi.
- Ucwaningo, izinhlelo ze-STEAM, ukuqeqeshwa kothisha, kanye nokuqashelwa kwezikhungo kusekela isiko lokuthuthuka nokushintsha ezikhungweni zemfundo.
La emisha yezemfundo Sekuyinto evame ukuxoxwa ngayo ezikoleni, emanyuvesi, kanye nasezikhungweni zikahulumeni. Akukhona nje ukugcwalisa amakilasi ngamadivayisi noma ukukhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwedijithali: kuhilela ukucabanga kabusha ngalokho okufundiswayo, ukuthi kufundiswa kanjani, nokuthi kungani kufundiswa, kugxilwe kubafundi kanye nezinselele zomphakathi oshintsha ngokushesha.
Uma sikhuluma ngoshintsho kwezemfundo, ukuthuthukiswa okuncane kobuhle akwanele; isihluthulelo ukukhuthaza inqubo eqhubekayo, ehlosiwe enethonya langempela ekufundeni. Lokhu kuhilela ukubuyekeza ukuhlelwa kwezikole, izindlela, ukuhlolwa, ukuqeqeshwa kothisha, kanye nendima yobuchwepheshe. Kuyo yonke le ndatshana, sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yini inqubo entsha yezemfundo, ukuthi yiziphi izitayela eziyibumbayo, ukuthi ukwesekwa kwezikhungo kuhlelwa kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezingokoqobo isikole esingazithatha ukuze sikusebenzise.
Yini esiyiqondayo ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo namuhla?
Omunye wemibono evame ukuphindwa ochwepheshe ukuthi Akuzona zonke izinguquko eziwukusungula izinto ezintsha.Njengoba uFrancesc Pedró, umqondisi we-UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education eLatin America naseCaribbean (IESALC), esho, singakhuluma ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kuphela uma lokho esikwenzayo kunikeza ukubaluleka okucacile ekufundeni kwabafundi. Ngamanye amazwi, akwanele ukufaka ithuluzi elisha: kumele lihumushele kokuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda okungcono, isisusa esikhulu, ukulingana okwandisiwe, noma ukwehla kwezinkinga ezifana namazinga okuyeka esikoleni.
Ngakho-ke, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo kuyinto inqubo ehlala njalo, ehleliwe neyokudala Njengoba ihlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemfundo, ayigcini nje ekilasini: ihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwezikole, indlela ezixhumana ngayo nemindeni kanye nomphakathi, indlela othisha abahlela futhi benze ngayo izinqumo, kanye nakho konke okuhlobene nezinqubo zokufundisa nokufunda. Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali bungadlala indima ebalulekile, kodwa buhlala bungaphansi komgomo ocacile wokufundisa.
Empeleni, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo kuhilela ukubukeza ngokujulile imikhuba eyayithathwa kalula ngaphambilini. Kusho ukubuza ukuthi imodeli yenkulumo ifaneleka kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo, ukuthi ukuhlola kubonisa ngempela lokho abafundi abangakwenza, noma ukuthi ukuhlela amashejuli nezikhala kukhuthaza yini ukufunda okusebenzayo nokubambisanaUkusungula izinto ezintsha akuyona iphrojekthi eyenzeka kanye kuphela, kodwa kuyindlela eqhubekayo yokuthuthuka lapho abasebenzi bokufundisa bedlala indima eholayo.
Ngaphakathi kohlelo lwemfundo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nezinhlelo zocwaningo eziqhutshwa othisha ezikoleni zabo ziyisisekelo. Yibo abaqonda kangcono izidingo zabafundi kanye nomongo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinhlelo eziningi zemfundo zisungula izinsizakalo ezithile zokusungula izinto ezintsha ukuze zinikezwe. izinsizakusebenza, ukwesekwa kanye nokuqashelwa kothisha abanquma ukuthatha isinyathelo phambili futhi bashintshe indlela abaziphatha ngayo.
Izinhloso kanye nemigqa yamasu okusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo
Iziphathimandla zemfundo zivame ukuhlela izinto ezintsha ezindaweni eziningana ezibalulekile. Isibonelo esicacile umsebenzi wezinsizakalo zokusungula izinto ezintsha zemfundo ngaphakathi kweminyango yezemfundo yesifunda, ezibeka imigomo ethile kakhulu. Okokuqala, zihlose ukwenza ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali ngendlela yokufundisa ezinqubweni zokufundisa nokufunda, okubandakanya okungaphezu kokusabalalisa amadivayisi ezikoleni.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningana zesenzo: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuxhumana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi banokufinyelela okulinganayo kwizinsizakusebenza zedijithali; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhuthaza ukudalwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-Open Educational Resources (OER), okuvumela ukwabelana ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zekilasi ngalinye. Lokhu kuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwesifundo sangempela uhlelo lwezemfundo lwedijithalilapho amapulatifomu, okuqukethwe, namathuluzi kuhlanganiswa khona ngokuhambisanayo.
Inhloso yesibili enkulu ukunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwedijithali ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono afanele edijithali kanye namakhono omphakathi wonke wezemfundo. Lokhu kuhumusha ekusizeni izikole zibe izinhlangano ezinekhono ledijithali, into eYurophu ehlelwe ngaphakathi kwemodeli ye-DigCompOrg futhi, empeleni, kusho ukusebenzisa Amasu Ezenzo Zedijithali (ama-DAP). Inhloso iwukuba ukwenziwa kwedijithali kube isu lesikole sonke, hhayi iqoqo lezinhlelo ezizimele.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo kuhlose ukuthuthukisa ikhono ledijithali lothisha (imodeli ye-DigCompEdu) kanye nabafundi (imodeli ye-DigComp). Othisha kudingeka bazizwe beqiniseka ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe ezindleleni zabo zokufundisa, kuyilapho abafundi kumele bafunde hhayi nje ukusebenzisa amathuluzi edijithali, kodwa futhi nokuwasebenzisa ngokuhlolisisa, ngokuzibophezela, nangobuciko. Lawa makhono abalulekile ukuze kube nokuhlanganyela okugcwele emphakathini wanamuhla nasemsebenzini.
Insika yesithathu enkulu yakhiwa ukukhuthaza ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo Ukusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha, kanye nezinqubo zokubikezela, umgomo ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa okuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda nokunciphisa izinkinga eziphathelene nokushiya esikoleni kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kuhilela ucwaningo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye namaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa kwezinto endaweni yedijithali, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlola okusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha, i-AI, kanye nokufunda komshini okuvumela ukutholakala kwezingozi noma amaphethini empumelelo.
Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kanye noshintsho olukhulu kumodeli yezemfundo
Ikholi uguquko lwedijithali lwezemfundo Kungaphezu nje kokusebenzisa amathebhulethi noma amabhodi amhlophe edijithali. Sekungenye yezimpendulo eziyinhloko ezinseleleni zemfundo zamanje, nemiphumela esheshayo ezikoleni, kodwa ngomthelela odlula kude izindonga zesikole. Phela, izikole zilungiselela izakhamuzi zesikhathi esizayo, futhi lezo zakhamuzi zidinga amakhono okuphila, ukusebenza, nokuhlanganyela ezweni ledijithali.
Lolu shintsho luhilela ukucabanga kabusha ngendlela isikhathi esihlelwa ngayo ekilasini, indlela imisebenzi yobuso nobuso kanye neyokusebenza nge-inthanethi ehlanganiswa ngayo, kanye nendlela ulwazi olutholakalayo olusetshenziswa ngayo ukwenza ukufunda kube ngokwakho. Uma kuklanywe kahle, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kungakhuthaza ukufunda okuguquguqukayo, okubandakanya wonke umuntu kanye nokufunda kwangempelaKodwa uma imane ikopisha imodeli yendabuko ngefomethi yedijithali (iklasi elifanayo le-master, kodwa ngesikrini), amandla okuqamba izinto ezintsha ayancishiswa.
Ngakho-ke, umqondo wokuthi ubuchwepheshe kufanele busebenzise izindlela ezisebenzayo—njengokufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi, ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukudlala imidlalo, kanye nokuhlola okwakhayo—uba ngobaluleke kakhulu. Amathuluzi edijithali avumela abafundi ukuthi bahlole, badale okuqukethwe, basebenzisane, futhi bathole impendulo ngesikhathi sangempela, kuyilapho othisha bengaqapha intuthuko yomfundi ngamunye ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali nakho kuthinta ubudlelwano phakathi kwesikhungo semfundo nendawo esikuyoAmapulatifomu okuxhumana nemindeni, izindawo ezingokoqobo zomsebenzi ohlanganyelwe phakathi kothisha, amanethiwekhi ochwepheshe ukwabelana ngezinsiza kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho… Konke lokhu kusiza ekuqedeni ukuhlukaniswa kwendabuko kwamakilasi nokwakha imiphakathi yokufunda ebanzi, lapho ulwazi lwabelwana khona kanye nomkhuba wokufundisa ubonakaliswa khona ndawonye.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze lolu shintsho lube ngokoqobo futhi lulingane, ukuzibophezela okuqhubekayo ekutshalweni kwezimali kwengqalasizinda, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini, kanye nokudalwa kwamanethiwekhi okusekela nokuqeqesha kubalulekile. Ukwenziwa kwedijithali akukwazi ukuncika kuphela ekuthandeni okuhle kothisha abambalwa abashukumisekile; kumele kuhlanganiswe ne iphrojekthi yezemfundo yesikole kanye nezinqubomgomo zemfundo ngamasu.
Ucwaningo, amaphrojekthi kanye nezinhlelo zokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo
Ngokombono wohlelo lwezemfundo, kuyinto eza kuqala ukuhlanganisa imiphumela yocwaningo, ukukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukwenza lula ukudluliselwa kolwazi, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imibono emisha kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokudala kunethonya elibonakalayo ku- izinga lokufundisaLokhu kuhlobene ngqo nentuthuko yezomnotho neyenhlalo: imfundo eqinile ikhuthaza ikusasa elinamathuba amaningi azo zonke izakhamuzi.
Ukuze kuqiniswe le ndlela, iminyango eminingi yezemfundo isebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokusekela othisha ekuthuthukisweni kwe- ucwaningo lwezemfundo kanye namaphrojekthi okusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokufunda. Isibonelo somthetho yi-Order kaJanuwari 14, 2009, elawula ukuvunywa, ukuqashelwa kanye nokusekelwa kwalolu hlobo lwephrojekthi, ihlinzeka ngesikhathi, izinsiza kanye nokuqashelwa kobungcweti kothisha abathintekayo.
Emkhakheni wokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo nocwaningo, kuye kwasungulwa izinhlelo eziningi ezihambisanayo. Phakathi kwalezi, amaphrojekthi ocwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ahlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwakha avelele, kanye Irejista Yamaqembu Ocwaningo Lwezemfundo, okuvumela ukubonakala nokusekelwa kwamaqembu okufundisa asebenza ngendlela ehlelekile, noma imigqa ethile yokubambisana phakathi kwamanyuvesi nezikhungo zemfundo, okuletha ucwaningo lwezemfundo eduze neqiniso lekilasi.
Indawo eyodwa eguquguqukayo ikakhulukazi izinhlelo ze-STEAM (Isayensi, Ubuchwepheshe, Ubunjiniyela, Ubuciko, kanye nezibalo), ezihlose ukusondeza lezi zifundo kubafundi ngemisebenzi esebenzayo nekhuthazayo. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlelo, sithola izinhlelo ezifana... Ucwaningo Lwezindiza Olusetshenziswa EkilasiniAmarobhothi ezemfundo noma ukucabanga ngokubala, konke kuklanyelwe ukusiza abafundi bafunde ngokuxazulula izinselele zangempela, ukuhlela, ukuklama ama-prototypes, noma ukuhlola izenzakalo zesayensi ngombono ongokoqobo.
Kanye namaphrojekthi akhuthazwa ngqo nguhulumeni, kukhona futhi amaphrojekthi angaphandle Ziqhutshwa yizinhlangano, izinhlangano eziyisisekelo, noma amanyuvesi, lezi zinhlelo zihambisana nesenzo somphakathi futhi zinikeza amathuba amasha okuqeqeshwa kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ezikoleni nakothisha. Isihluthulelo sisekuxhumaniseni le mizamo kanye nokunikeza othisha ulwazi olucacile nolusesikhathini ngazo zonke lezi zindlela, ukuze bakwazi ukukhetha lezo ezifanelana kahle nomongo wabo.
Amajenali kanye nokusatshalaliswa kolwazi ekusungulweni kwezemfundo
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo kuyachuma ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke ekilasini, kodwa futhi kudinga izindawo lapho kungakhona khona cabanga, uxoxisane futhi usabalalise okwenziwayo. Ngale ndlela, omagazini abakhethekile badlala indima ebalulekile njengezindlela zokwabelana ngocwaningo, okuhlangenwe nakho, kanye neziphakamiso zendlela.
Isibonelo esibalulekile umagazini Ukuqamba Okusha Kwezemfundo, incwadi yaminyaka yonke eyasungulwa ngo-1991 ngenhloso yokukhuthaza impikiswano nokukhuthaza ukuzindla ngezinhlelo ezintsha kunoma yisiphi isigaba semfundo noma indawo. Inhloso yayo ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokusatshalaliswa kweziphakamiso phakathi kothisha, abacwaningi, abafundi, nanoma ubani onentshisekelo ekufundiseni nasekufundiseni, ukugcina indlela ebanzi nebucayi.
Lo magazini ujabulela okumangalisayo ukuqashelwa emkhakheni wezemfundoIfakwe ohlwini lwedathabheyisi kanye nezindawo zokugcina ezifana ne-ERIH PLUS, IRESIE, ESCI, Fuente Académica Premier, TOC Premier, ISOC, ULRICH, DIALNET, kanye ne-REDIB. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhona cishe engxenyeni yamanyuvesi aseSpain anikeza iziqu zemfundo, futhi ku-RESH index, ibekwe endaweni yama-50 kumajenali ezemfundo aseSpain angu-202 anethonya elikhulu phakathi nesikhathi sika-2005-2009, njengoba kulinganiswa ngamazinga okucaphuna kumajenali esayensi ahamba phambili kanye naku-Web of Science.
Ikhwalithi yokuhlela yale magazini ibonakala nasekufakweni kwayo ku-Latindex 2.0 Catalog ekuhlolweni kuka-2023, okwanelisa zonke izici zekhwalithi ezisunguliweEsinye isici esihlukile yindlela yayo yokusebenzisa izilimi eziningi: ishicilela imisebenzi ngesiGalician, iSpanishi, isiNgisi nesiPutukezi, ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaza ukusakazwa kolwazi phakathi kwemiphakathi ehlukene yezemfundo neyezemfundo.
Emkhakheni wemfundo ephakeme, kuyagqama futhi Ijenali Yokuthuthukiswa Kokufunda Kwezemfundo Ephakeme (JLDHE)Ijenali yekota ekhuluma ngezihloko ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kokufunda ezingeni leyunivesithi, ishicilela izindaba ezintathu ezivamile ngonyaka, ngaphezu kwenkinga ekhethekile enezinqubo kanye nokuzindla okuvela engqungqutheleni ye-ALDinHE, futhi ishicilela nezincwadi ezinezihloko. Lolu hlobo lokushicilelwa lusiza ekwakheni insimu yobungcweti esanda kuvela egxile endleleni yokusekela kangcono ukufunda kwabafundi baseyunivesithi.
Ngenxa yala mamagazini nezinye izinkundla ezifanayo, okuhlangenwe nakho okusha akusagcini nje esikhungweni esisodwa futhi kuba izinkomba ezingadluliselwa kwezinye izimo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokucebisa lonke uhlelo, kodwa futhi kunikeza othisha indawo yokuqashelwa kanye nokwakhiwa kobunikazi bobungcweti obuhlobene nocwaningo kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo.
Kuyini futhi yini okungeyona into entsha yezemfundo ekilasini
Kuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi ukuletha amathebulethi ekilasini noma ukufaka ibhodi elimhlophe ledijithali kuyisususha, kodwa iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo ekilasini Lokhu kusho ushintsho olukhulu endleleni esiqonda ngayo ukufundisa nokufunda. Kuhilela ukuguqula izindima zendabuko: abafundi bayayeka ukuba yizifundo ezingenzi lutho ezilalela futhi zikhumbule kuphela, bese beba abahlanganyeli abakhuthele enkambisweni yabo yokufunda.
Kule ndlela entsha, uthisha akasabi nje umthumeli wokuqukethwe futhi uthatha indima umhlahlandlela, umgqugquzeli kanye nomnganeIphakamisa izinselele, iklama okuhlangenwe nakho, idale imibuzo, futhi inikeze impendulo eqhubekayo. Abafundi, bona, bayazama, baphenye, babambisane nontanga yabo, futhi bakhe ulwazi ngokuzimela. Ubuchwepheshe busebenza njengethuluzi lokusekela lezi zindlela, hhayi njengomgomo ngokwawo.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo kusekelwe ezintweni ezine ezibalulekile okumele zisebenzisane: abantu, ulwazi, izinqubo, kanye nobuchwepheshe. Uma noma yikuphi kwalokhu kunganakwa, isiphakamiso singase sihluleke. Othisha nabafundi (abantu) badinga ukuzizwa behilelekile futhi beqeqeshwe kahle; ulwazi kumele lukhethwe ngokucophelela futhi lufanele izimo zangempela; izinqubo (ukuhlela ikilasi, ukuhlela, ukuhlola) kumele ziphinde zenziwe kabusha; kanye nobuchwepheshe kumele bukhethwe futhi busetshenziswe ngenhloso ecacile yokufundisa.
Noma yiluphi ushintsho olungacabangi ngalezi zinsika ezine lungaba yingozi yokuba yinto edlulayo. Isibonelo, ukwethula uhlelo lokusebenza olukhazimulayo olungenanhloso yokufunda echaziwe, noma ukushintsha ifenisha yekilasi ngaphandle kokubuyekeza ukuguquguquka komsebenzi, akuvezi emisha esimemeKodwa-ke, lapho kuthuthukiswa amasu ahambisanayo azungeze lezi zici, ulwazi lomfundi luthuthuka kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusungula izinto ezintsha akusho ukuyeka konke okwake kwenzeka ngaphambili. Imikhuba eminingi yendabuko eseyivele ibalulekile. Into ebalulekile ukubukeza ukuthi yini esebenzayo, yini engasebenzi, nokuthi ingabuyekezwa kanjani, kuhlanganiswe izindlela ezintsha ezikhuthaza ukuqonda okujulile, ukucabanga okubucayi, ubuciko, kanye nokufunda impilo yonke.
Izitayela ezibalulekile ekusungulweni kwemfundo: izindlela nezindlela
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izitayela eziningana zokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo ziye zanda futhi ziyaphindaphindwa ezikoleni eziningi nasemaphrojekthini. Enye yezinto ezibonakala kakhulu yi- ukukhuliswaLokhu kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zemidlalo (izinselele, amaphuzu, amazinga, imivuzo, izindaba) ezimweni zemfundo. Umqondo uwukusebenzisa isisusa esikhiqizwa yimidlalo ukuze wenze ukufunda kube mnandi, kube nenjongo, futhi kujabulise.
Ukudlala imidlalo kungasukela emisebenzini emincane (izinhlelo zamabheji ukuqaphela impumelelo, imisebenzi yamasonto onke, amakamelo okubalekela ezemfundo) kuya ezindleleni ezibanzi lapho yonke inkambo ijikeleza indaba noma inselele ebanzi. Imidlalo yevidiyo isetshenziselwa nezinjongo zemfundo, kokubili imidlalo yezentengiselwano eguquliwe kanye nezihloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Isihluthulelo ukuvumelanisa kahle imishini yomdlalo enezinhloso zokufunda, ukuvimbela ingxenye edlalayo ukuthi ingambozi okuqukethwe.
Omunye umkhuba osungulwe kahle yilowo obizwa ngokuthi indlela yokufundisa ephambene noma ikilasi eliguquliwe. Kule ndlela, ezinye izincazelo ezazinikezwe ekilasini ngaphambilini zidluliselwa ekufundeni kwasekhaya ngamavidiyo, ukufundwa, noma izinsiza ezisebenzisanayo, kuyilapho isikhathi sekilasi sigcinelwe imisebenzi engokoqobo, ukuphendula imibuzo, ukusebenza njengeqembu, kanye namaphrojekthi. Ngale ndlela, abafundi bafika ekilasini benokuqonda kokuqala kokuqukethwe futhi bangasebenzisa kangcono ukuba khona kothisha.
El Ukufunda ngokubambisana Kungenye insika yokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo. Kusekelwe ekuhleleni umsebenzi ngendlela yokuthi abafundi kufanele babambisane ukuze bafeze imigomo efanayo, bathuthukise amaphrojekthi, noma baxazulule izinkinga. Ngaphandle kokuqukethwe kwezemfundo, le ndlela ikhuthaza izindinganiso namakhono abalulekile: inhlonipho, umthwalo wemfanelo owabiwe, uzwela, ukuxhumana, ukuxoxisana… Amakhono azoba abalulekile empilweni yabantu abadala, kokubili mathupha nangomsebenzi.
Emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, okulandelayo kuya ngokuya kugqama: okungokoqobo okungokoqobo kanye neqiniso elingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubonaLawa mathuluzi avumela, isibonelo, ukuvakashela izindawo zomlando, ukuhlola ingaphakathi lomzimba womuntu, noma ukuphatha izinto ezinobukhulu obuthathu ngaphandle kokuphuma ekilasini. Okuhlangenwe nakho okujulile kungasiza abafundi baqonde imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kubangele ilukuluku, uma nje zihlanganiswe ohlelweni lwesifundo oluklanywe kahle futhi zingahlali ziwumbukwane nje.
Ukufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi, ukuqeqeshwa kothisha kanye nokuphathwa kwesikole
El ukufunda okusekelwe kuphrojekthi Ukufunda Okusekelwe Kumaphrojekthi (i-PBL) kungenye indlela ebalulekile ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo. Kuthola ugqozi ezindleleni zokusebenza zezinkampani nezinhlangano eziningi, lapho kwakhiwa khona amaqembu ukuze abhekane namaphrojekthi ngenhloso ecacile. Ekilasini, lokhu kuhumusha kube amaphrojekthi lapho abafundi becwaninga, behlela, benza izinqumo, futhi bedala imikhiqizo yokugcina ebhekana nenkinga noma umbuzo wokuqala.
Iphrojekthi ingahlanganisa, isibonelo, ukuklama umkhankaso wokuqwashisa ngenkinga yezenhlalo, ukudala imodeli exazulula inselele elula yobunjiniyela, ukuhlela umbukiso wesayensi, noma ukulungiselela umdlalo ngolunye ulimi. Kuyo yonke inqubo, abafundi basebenzisa okuqukethwe okuvela ezifundweni ezahlukene futhi bathuthukise amakhono afana nokuphatha isikhathi, ukuhlela, kanye... ukuxhumana ngomlomo nokubhaliweKonke lokhu ngaphansi kwesiqondiso nokusekelwa kwabasebenzi bokufundisa.
Kodwa-ke, ayikho kulezi zindlela ezinzile ngaphandle kokuzibophezela okuqinile ku- Ukuqeqeshwa kothisha okuqhubekayoNjenganoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi, othisha kudingeka bavuselele amakhono abo, bafunde amathuluzi amasha, bazindle ngomkhuba wabo, futhi babelane ngolwazi nozakwabo. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kungahlelwa ngezifundo, amaseminari, imiphakathi yokufunda, amaqembu okusebenza, ukufakwa kwezinye izikole, noma amaphrojekthi okusungula izinto ezintsha, phakathi kwezinye izinketho.
indlela okuyiyo uphatha isikhungo semfundo Kubalulekile futhi. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha akukhona nje kuphela okwenzekayo ekilasini; kuhilela isiko lesikole, isitayela sobuholi, ukubandakanyeka kwemindeni nomphakathi, kanye nenqubo yokwenza izinqumo. Ithimba lobuholi elisekela ukuhlola, likhuthaza amaphrojekthi amasha, futhi lenze kube lula ukuxhumanisa othisha kwakha indawo efanelekile kakhulu yoshintsho.
Akuvamile ukuthi kube nokuphikiswa, ikakhulukazi lapho kunokwesaba ukuthi izinguquko zingathinta idumela lesikole noma zidale umthwalo womsebenzi owengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, izikole eziningi zibonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukugcina ubuwena bazo ngenkathi zithuthukiswa ngasikhathi sinye ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zabafundi banamuhla. Lapho wonke umphakathi wesikole uhileleke ngempumelelo ku- iphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa okwabiweIzinto ezintsha azibe yizinto ezijabulisayo zomuntu ngamunye futhi ziba izinguquko eziqinile nezihlala isikhathi eside.
Izinyathelo zokusebenzisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo esikoleni noma ekilasini
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo akwenzeki ngomlingo; kudinga ukuhlela, ukuqapha, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Nakuba umongo ngamunye unezici zawo, uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezivamile lungabonakala. Eyokuqala ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwesimo yesikhungo noma igumbi lokufundela: yiziphi izinsiza ezitholakalayo, yisiphi isimo sezulu esikhona, yiziphi izidingo abafundi abanazo, yiziphi izinto ezikhona ngaphambilini, yiziphi izithiyo noma amathuba anikezwa yimvelo.
Ngokusekelwe kulokho kuxilonga, kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokucacile izinjongo okumele zifinyelelweAkwanele ukusho ukuthi "sifuna ukusungula izinto ezintsha"; kumele sicacise ukuthi yini esihlose ukuyithuthukisa: ukugqugquzelwa kwabafundi? imiphumela ezindaweni ezithile? ukufakwa kwabafundi abanobunzima? ukubamba iqhaza komndeni? ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono edijithali? Izinhloso kumele zibe ngokoqobo kodwa zibe nesifiso esikhulu futhi, noma nini lapho kungenzeka, zilinganiswe futhi zibe nesikhathi esibekiwe.
Uma imigomo isibekiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokukhetha uhlobo izenzo noma amasu lokho kuzosetshenziswa. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukwethula indlela efana nokufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi ezingeni elithile lebanga, ukufaka imidlalo ezifundweni ezithile, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuthuthukisa amakhono othisha edijithali, noma ukuhlela kabusha izikhala ukukhuthaza umsebenzi wokubambisana. Into ebalulekile ukuthi kukhona ukuvumelana phakathi kokuxilonga, izinhloso, kanye nezenzo.
Bese kufika isigaba se- ukufakelwaLesi yisigaba lapho uhlelo oluhleliwe lusetshenziswa khona. Ukuze lesi sigaba siphumelele, ukubambisana kwabo bonke abathintekayo kubalulekile: abafundi, othisha, ithimba labaphathi, imindeni, futhi, uma kufaneleka, amanxusa angaphandle (amakhansela endawo, izinhlangano, amanyuvesi, njll.). Ukuxhumana okuvulekile kanye nokuguquguquka kokulungisa uhlelo ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezingalindelekile kubalulekile.
Okokugcina, konke ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo kudinga inqubo engathi sína ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumelaLokhu kuhilela ukuqoqa idatha (yokubili eyobuningi kanye neyekhwalithi), ukulalela amazwi abafundi nothisha, nokuhlola izinga okufezwe ngalo imigomo emisiwe. Uma imiphumela ingekho njengoba bekulindelwe, umgomo awukona ukumemezela ukwehluleka nokuyeka, kodwa ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho, ukwenza izinguquko, noma, uma kudingeka, ukuchaza kabusha izinhloso ukuze inqubo yokuthuthukisa iqhubeke.
Ukuqashelwa, ukusekelwa kanye nokusabalalisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo
La ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha Ziyizinsika zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemfundo, kodwa ukuze zihlale isikhathi eside zidinga ukuqashelwa kanye nokusekelwa yizikhungo. Ohulumeni abaningi basungule izindlela zokugqamisa imizamo yothisha, izikole, izinhlangano, kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenza nsuku zonke ukuguqula imfundo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wazo awubonakali.
Lezi zinyathelo zifaka phakathi ukuqashelwa okufana Umklomelo Wokufaneleka KwezemfundoLo mklomelo, owasungulwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, uhlonipha abantu noma izinhlangano ngeminikelo yabo evelele emikhakheni efana nokufundisa, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, impumelelo yezemfundo, noma ucwaningo lwezemfundo. Le miklomelo isiza ukubeka ubuso bokusungula izinto ezintsha futhi ibonise izibonelo ezikhuthaza abanye ochwepheshe.
Esinye isibonelo imincintiswano yokukhuthaza ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo, njengaleyo enikezwa ngaphansi kwalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: U-Joaquín Guichot no-Antonio Domínguez OrtizInhloso yayo ukukhuthaza nokwazisa okuhlangenwe nakho kanye namaphrojekthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abhekana nezindinganiso zobuntu base-Andalusia ngokombono wezemfundo futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anegalelo ekuguquleni nasekuthuthukiseni imikhuba yokufundisa ezikoleni nasemakilasini. Eminyakeni edlule, le mincintiswano isisunguliwe njengethuluzi eliphumelelayo lokukhuthaza ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha phakathi kothisha.
Ukubamba iqhaza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yemisebenzi ethunyelwe kulezi zingcingo kubonisa ukuzibophezela okuqhubekayo kothisha abaningi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemfundo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusatshalaliswa kokuhlangenwe nakho okuwine imiklomelo kuvumela ezinye izikole ukuthi zifunde ngeziphakamiso ezithile, zizivumelanise nesimo sazo, futhi zikhuthazwe ukuqala izinqubo zazo zokusungula izinto ezintsha, ngaleyo ndlela zikhiqize umphumela ophindaphindayo.
Ngale nhlanganisela yokusekela, ucwaningo, ukuqeqeshwa, ukuqashelwa, kanye nokusabalalisa, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo akusabi yiqoqo lezinhlelo ezizimele futhi kuba yinto ehlanganisiwe. isu lokuthuthukisa okwabiwe kohlelo lwemfundo. Izinguquko ezethulwa emakilasini, amaphrojekthi avivinyiwe, izinsiza zedijithali ezidalwe, noma izinhlelo ze-STEAM ezisetshenziswayo zixhunywe ezinqubomgomo ezibanzi, omagazini abakhethekile, kanye namanethiwekhi ochwepheshe asekela futhi anikeze incazelo.
Uma konke lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa noma yini, kungukuthi ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo akuyona into yokunethezeka noma imfashini, kodwa kuyisidingo sokufunda ukuze uhlale uphila, uzivumelanise namaqiniso esizukulwane ngasinye, futhi unikele ekuthuthukisweni kwabantu abagxekayo, abanobuciko, nababandakanyekayo. Lapho abaphathi, izikole, othisha, abafundi, kanye nomphakathi behlangana ngale nhloso efanayo, isikole siba yindawo lapho Ukufunda kuyafaneleka, kuyakhuthaza, futhi kuyashintsha kakhulu.
