Isimo esiqinile singesinye sezimo ezine eziyisisekelo zendaba. Esiqinile, ama-molecule ahlanganiswe amandla anamandla kakhulu e-intermolecular, futhi ama-molecule awakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. Ama-solids anomumo ochaziwe kanye nevolumu, futhi awakwazi ukucindezelwa. Izinto eziqinile eziningi ziqinile, nakuba ezinye, njenge-wax, zithambile.
Izinto eziqinile zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: i-crystalline, i-amorphous ne-polymorphic. Okuqinile kwe-crystalline kunokwakheka okuhlelekile, kwejiyomethri, kuyilapho okuqinile kwe-amorphous akunaso isakhiwo esi-oda. Ama-polymorphs ayizinto eziqinile ezingaba khona ngendlela engaphezu kweyodwa yekristalu.
Izinto eziqinile eziningi zakha lapho zipholiswa kancane kancane oketshezini noma igesi. Ukupholisa okusheshayo kuvame ukuvimbela ama-molecule ukuthi ahlele kahle, okuholela ekuqineni kwe-amorphous. Ingcindezi ingaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kokuqinile, kanti ezinye izinto eziqinile, njengedayimane, zakha kuphela lapho kunengcindezi ephezulu.
Izinto eziqinile zekristalu zakheka lapho ama-molecule ehlelwa ngendlela ehlelekile, ephindaphindayo. Ukwakheka kwamakristalu kunqunywa ukuma kwama-molecule awo nendlela ahlelwe ngayo. Ezinye izibonelo zezinhlaka zekristalu yikhiyubhu egxile emzimbeni (FCC) kanye ne-hexagonal evaliwe (HCP).
Okuqinile kwe-amorphous akunaso isakhiwo esi-oda. Ukwakheka kwayo ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho uketshezi noma igesi ipholiswa ngokushesha, okuvimbela ama-molecule ekuzihleleni ngendlela efanele. Okuqinile kwe-amorphous kunezinto ezibonakalayo eziphakathi phakathi kwezinto eziqinile eziyikristalu noketshezi.
Ama-polymorphs ayizinto eziqinile ezingaba khona ngendlela engaphezu kweyodwa yekristalu. I-Polymorphy ingumphumela wokuxhumana phakathi kwesakhiwo sama-molecule nezimo zemvelo, njengezinga lokushisa nokucindezela. Ezinye izibonelo ze-polymorphism zifaka amanzi (H2O), i-carbon (C), ne-silicon (Si).
Isimo esiqinile.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KWyZ0ewKXI
02 Izici zesimo esiqinile
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IYlGpJriYc
Siyini isimo esiqinile?
Isimo esiqinile singesinye sezimo ezine eziyisisekelo zento futhi sibonakala ngenxa yokuthi ama-molecule ahlala ethintana. Ngenxa yalokhu kusebenzisana, okuqinile kunomumo ongaguquki kanye nevolumu. Ama-solids nawo angaba lukhuni, okusho ukuthi awashintshi isimo lapho kusetshenziswa amandla angaphandle kuwo.
Siyini isimo esiqinile nezibonelo?
Isimo esiqinile singesinye sezimo ezine zokuhlanganisa izinto, lapho kuhlangene khona ngokuqinile futhi kuqinile. Okuqinile kunomumo ongaguquki kanye nevolumu. Izinto eziqinile zemvelo eziningi ziyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali, njengamaminerali. Ezinye izakhi, njengekhabhoni (idayimane, igraphite) noma i-silicon (isilica), zikhona esimweni esiqinile ngokwemvelo. Amanzi, nakuba eyinhlanganisela, angaba khona futhi esimweni esiqinile (iqhwa).
Siyini isimo esiqinile ezinganeni zesikole samabanga aphansi?
Isimo esiqinile yisimo sento lapho ama-molecule ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile futhi engakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. Ama-solids anomumo nosayizi ochaziwe, futhi awakwazi ukunwebeka noma ukuncibilika. Ama-solids awanawo umumo ochaziwe, kodwa anosayizi ochaziwe. Okuqinile akukwazi ukunwebeka noma ukuncibilika.
Siyini isimo se-liquid?
Isimo se-liquid yisimo sendaba lapho izinhlayiya (ama-athomu noma ama-molecule) zinenani elithile lamandla futhi ziqhubeka nokunyakaza, kodwa azihlukani njengakusimo segesi. Ngamanye amazwi, esimweni soketshezi izinhlayiya ziqhelelene ngokwanele ukuze zihambe ngokukhululeka, kodwa zisondelene ngokwanele ukuze zingahlukani.
