Isiko iqoqo lezakhi zamasiko ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, ezibonakala ngokuqhubeka kwazo nokuba ngunaphakade ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuze siwuqonde kangcono lo mqondo, singahlaziya incazelo yesiko ngokusho kwabanye ababhali abadumile.
Incazelo yesiko ngokuka-Edward Burnett Tylor
U-Edward Burnett Tylor wayeyi-anthropologist yesiNgisi, ethathwa njengoyise we-anthropology yamasiko, owabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekutadisheni amasiko.
Kuye, isiko kuwuhlobo lolwazi oludluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, olubonakala ngokuba nodlame futhi olumelana noshintsho.
UTylor wayebheka amasiko njengeqoqo lezinkolelo nemikhuba eyayidluliselwa ngomlomo futhi isekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho nolwazi oluqoqwe okhokho.
Incazelo yesiko ngokusho kukaMax Weber
UMax Weber wayengusosayensi wezokuhlalisana kwabantu baseJalimane nesazi sefilosofi, ebhekwa njengomunye wabasunguli besayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu yesimanje. Encwadini yakhe edume kakhulu, "Economy and Society," u-Weber uchaza isiko ngokuthi "lezo zindlela zokuziphatha eziye zafundwa futhi zafakwa ngaphakathi ngabantu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo komphakathi."
U-Weber ubheka amasiko njengeqoqo lemikhuba namagugu alawula ukuziphatha kwabantu emphakathini. Lezi zinkambiso namagugu zadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi zahlala zisebenza noma ngabe izimo zishintshile.
Incazelo yesiko ngokusho kuka-Emile Durkheim
U-Emile Durkheim wayengusosayensi wezokuhlalisana kwabantu waseFrance, owayebhekwa njengomunye wabasunguli besayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu yesimanje. Encwadini yakhe edume kakhulu, ethi, The Rules of Sociological Method, uDurkheim uchaza isiko ngokuthi “leyo mikhuba etholwa abantu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo komphakathi, edluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi elawula ukuziphatha kwabantu emphakathini. "
UDurkheim ucabange ukuthi amasiko ayiqoqo lemikhuba namagugu alawula ukuziphatha kwabantu emphakathini. Lezi zinkambiso namagugu zadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi zahlala zisebenza noma ngabe izimo zishintshile.
Incazelo yesiko ngokukaClaude Lévi-Strauss
UClaude Lévi-Strauss wayengumFulentshi we-anthropologist, othathwa njengomunye wabasunguli be-structural anthropology. Encwadini yakhe edume kakhulu, "The Wild Thought", u-Lévi-Strauss uchaza isiko ngokuthi "lezo zici zamasiko ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, ezibonakala ngokuqhubeka kwazo nokuhlala njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi."
U-Lévi-Strauss wayebheka ukuthi amasiko ayiqoqo lezakhi zamasiko ezadluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye futhi ezazibonakala ngokuqhubeka kwazo nokuhlala phakade ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
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Uwuchaza kanjani umqondo wesiko?
Isiko lisho izinkolelo namasiko adluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, futhi ayingxenye yesiko leqembu labantu. Ezimweni eziningi, amasiko anencazelo yenkolo noma engokomfanekiso, futhi angenziwa emicimbini ebalulekile efana nemishado noma imingcwabo. Nakuba amanye amasiko angase ashintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye ahlala enjalo amakhulu eminyaka.
Liyini isiko le-Redalyc?
I-Redalyc isiko eliqukethe ukushintshana kolwazi nolwazi phakathi kwezifundiswa ezivela emazweni ahlukene. Umgomo waleli siko ukukhuthaza inkhulumomphendvulwano nenkulumompikiswano phakathi kwezifundiswa mayelana nocwaningo nentuthuko yesayensi yezenhlalo.
Liyini isiko nesibonelo?
Isiko isiko noma iqoqo lemikhuba edluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngokwesibonelo, uKhisimusi uwusiko olugujwa imindeni eminingi ngo-December.
Liyini isiko ngokwefilosofi?
Isiko lingachazwa njengokudluliswa kolwazi noma izinkolelo zisuka kwelinye iqembu ziye kwelinye. Kufilosofi, isiko ngokuvamile libhekisela emibonweni nasezimfundisweni eziye zadluliselwa kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye. Ngokuvamile kukhulunywa ngesiko lefilosofi yaseNtshonalanga, elibhekisela kufilosofi yaseYurophu neyaseMelika.
Ithini incazelo yesiko ngokwababhali?
Isiko ngokusho kwababhali yiqoqo lezakhi zamasiko ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Kungaba amasiko, izinkolelo, izinganekwane, izinto zobuciko, njll.
Yiziphi izici zesiko?
Izici zesiko ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izici ezifana nemikhuba, izinganekwane, izinkolelo, izinganekwane, amasiko, nezinye izici zamasiko ezidluliselwa ngezizukulwane. Ezimweni eziningi, isiko liyindlela yokugcina ukubumbana komphakathi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amaqembu ahlala ndawonye. Amasiko angaba umthombo wokuziqhenya kumalungu eqembu futhi angasiza ekuqiniseni umuzwa wokuthi ungubani.
Kungani isiko libalulekile ezimpilweni zethu?
Isiko libalulekile empilweni yethu ngoba liyasisiza ukuthi sigcine usikompilo lwethu. Amasiko asifundisa ngomlando wethu futhi asisize sidlulisele izindinganiso zethu ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Amasiko nawo ayasivumela ukuthi sigubhe isiko lethu futhi sabelane ngalo nabanye.
Singaligcina kanjani ifa lamasiko ethu liphila?
Ziningi izindlela zokugcina ifa lamasiko ethu liphila. Enye indlela iwukufundisa izingane zethu nabazukulu bethu. Enye indlela iwukuba sizigcine ziphila ngokuzijwayeza thina ngokwethu. Singakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngamasiko ethu nabanye ngemicimbi yamasiko nemikhosi.
