I-baguette, i-baguette noma i-baguette? Ukusetshenziswa okulungile kanye nelukuluku

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NgeSpanishi, ukungabaza phakathi kokubhala i-baguette Ivela kaningi kwabezindaba, amabhikawozi, nasezingxoxweni zansuku zonke. Uma uthi nhlá nje, abantu abaningi basebenzisa igama lesiFulentshi nezwi nezwi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile nokunconywayo olimini lwethu kuhluke kakhulu, futhi kufanelekile ukuzazi kahle ukuze ugweme ukushelela lapho ukhuluma ngaleso sinkwa esinesithombe eside, esishisayo.

Izikhungo eziqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kolimi ziye zalungisa izincomo: i-Gallicism ingashintshwa ngokwemvelo njenge i-baguette o i-baguetteFuthi, uma ukhetha ukugcina okwangempela, kuyi-a ubuzwe obuluhlaza okufanele amakwe ngokokubhala ngokomongo. Kule migqa sibuyekeza ukuthi yimaphi amafomu akhethwayo, abizwa kanjani, ukuthi ubuningi bawo obujwayelekile buyini kanye nobulili obunjani, futhi, ngenkathi siselapho, sihlola umlando, izinhlobo namagama alesi sinkwa emazweni ahlukene.

I-baguette, i-baguette noma i-baguette? Izincomo zokulawula

Uhlelo lwesibili lwe-Pan-Hispanic Dictionary of Doubts lubonisa ukuthi igama le-French loan i-baguette kungaba futhi kufanele ingashintshwa ukuze Spanish njengoba i-baguette o i-baguetteKuye ngokuthi uphimisele: /bagéte/ noma /bagét/. Okusho ukuthi, zombili izixazululo zithathwa njengezivumelekile futhi ngokwemvelo olimini lwethu, kuyilapho igama elingashintshiwe libhalwe njengegama langaphandle elingahluziwe.

Ngokuqondene nenombolo, ubuningi buqondile: vele ungeze i-final -s futhi usuqedile. Ngakho-ke, sizokhuluma ngakho ama-baguettes uma sikhetha ifomu elithi -e, kanye ne ama-baguettes Uma sithanda ukuhluka ngaphandle kwalowo nkamisa wokugcina. Awekho amanye ubuningi obunconyiwe ngeSpanishi esijwayelekile.

Mayelana nobulili, ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kakhulu ku- abesifazaneNgokuhambisana nobulili be-etymological ngesiFulentshi. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamadoda kuyatholakala, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zendawo noma zezingxoxo. Uma ufuna ukuba ohlangothini oluphephile, inketho yabesifazane ngokuvamile iyona elulekwa kakhulu: "una baguete", "la baguet", "esas baguetes".

Emaphephandabeni nasekukhangiseni, ubona izihloko zezindaba njengokuthi "Ungayithola kuphi i-baguette yendabuko ehamba phambili yonyaka," "I-entrecote baguette enesosi eyimfihlo namazambane," noma "Iya esitolo esikhulu ukuze uthole i-baguette engenayo i-gluten futhi uzoshaqeka ngentengo." Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, bekuzohambisana kakhulu nesincomo sezemfundo ukubhala i-baguette o i-baguetteIsibonelo: "Lapho unganambitha okuhle kakhulu i-baguette isiko lonyaka" noma "ngena esitolo ukuze uthole a i-baguette i-gluten-free.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi sikhundla sivunyelaniswa phakathi kwezinkomba eziyinhloko: i-Fundéu Foundation (Fundación del Español Urgente), ngokubambisana ne-RAE, ibuyekeze izindlela zayo futhi yasabalalisa ukushuna kahle okungena esikhundleni seseluleko sika-2011 sokufaka ngokucacile okuhlukile i-baguette kugunyazwe uhlelo lwakamuva lwe-DPD. Le nuance ibalulekile eziteshini zemidiya nakubahleli abafisa ukulungisa isitayela nesipelingi kumazinga amanje.

Ngamafuphi, uma ubhala ngeSpanishi futhi kungekho uhlobo noma imingcele yesitayela edinga okuhlukile, kuhle ukhethe ukuzivumelanisa nezimo: i-baguette o i-baguette; gcina i-baguette njengefomu langaphandle futhi, uma lisetshenziswa, liphathe kanjalo. Naka futhi ukuphimisela: /bagéte/ ye-baguete kanye /bagét/ ye-baguet, ukuze isipelingi sikhombise ngokunembile ukuthi sizwakala kanjani.

Umlando kanye ne-etymology yesinkwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-baguette

Igama lesiFulentshi i-baguette Ayizalelwanga ebhikawozi, kodwa endaweni yezinto ezinde: ekuqaleni yayiqoke induku, induku noma indukufuthi ukusuka lapho sasetshenziswa, ngokwesandiso, “eqenjini lesinkwa” lapho kuthiwa i-baguette de painLeli gama lesiFulentshi, futhi, livela ku-Italian. i-bacchetta, enencazelo efanayo eyisisekelo, futhi ihlobene ngokwezibalo ne-Spanish "baculo".

Kuye ngesifunda esikhuluma isiFulentshi, isinkwa esikhuluma ngaso sibuye sihambisane namanye amagama. E-France, ungase uzwe I-baguette yaseParis o i-parisienne (eLorraine), naseBelgium naseQuebec bakhuluma ngayo Ubuhlungu baseFranceLawa magama akhombisa isiko nenkambiso yendawo, kodwa empeleni abhekisela entweni efanayo. ibha ende, ezacile esikucabangayo sonke.

I-baguette ejwayelekile ivamise ukuba ngamasentimitha amahlanu noma ayisithupha ububanzi ngamasentimitha amathathu noma amane ukuphakama, nobude obukhulu bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-85 kanye nesisindo esilinganiselwe I-250 amagremuIsici saso se-crumb esine-alveoli esivulekile asiyona ngengozi: sitholakala ngokuxova nokuvutshelwa okukhuthaza lawo "amabhamuza" omoya, obhekene nokuthungwa okukhanyayo kanye ne-crust encane ne-crispy.

Inemisebenzi eminingi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Izingcezu ezincane ziwusizo kakhulu kumasemishi futhi zaziwa ngokuthi ama-demi-baguettesE-United States, kukhona nezikhombo ezingandile kangako ezifana ama-third party o izindlu zangaseseKusikiwe futhi kuthosiwe, kusakazwa ngama-pâtés noshizi; esidlweni sasekuseni saseFrance sakudala, sivulwa ngobude, sigcotshwe ngebhotela nojamu noma uju bese sicwiliswa, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ezitsheni zekhofi noma ushokoledi oshisayo.

Akuwona wonke "izinkwa ezinde" eFrance ama-baguettes. Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okufanayo okufana ne- umtshingo futhi i ifile (ozacile), kwase kubizwa isinkwa esithe ukushuba UdotiUmthetho wokudla waseFrance uphinde uchaze ukuthi yini engabhekwa njenge i-baguette yendabukoKufanele iqukathe kuphela amanzi, ufulawa kakolweni, imvubelo, isiqalisi senhlama emuncu, nosawoti. Uma noma yisiphi esinye isithako sengeziwe, umkhiqizo owumphumela kufanele ube negama elihlukile.

Umlando wobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo ubheka emuva eVienna, lapho maphakathi nekhulu le-19 amahhavini omusi Bavumela izindlela zokubhaka ezaholela ekutheni kube noqweqwe olucwebezelayo kanye nemvuthuluka elula, enomoya. Lokhu kugxuma kwezobuchwepheshe bekubalulekile ohlotsheni lwesinkwa manje esihlobanisa neFrance.

Ingqophamlando yokulawula nayo yaphawula ukukhula kwayo. Ngo-October 1920, umthetho owawuvimbela ababhaki ukuba baqale usuku lwabo lokusebenza ngaphambi kwehora lesine ekuseni wawusho ukuthi izinkwa ezinkulu zendabuko azifiki ngesikhathi ngesikhathi sokudla kwasekuseni. i-baguetteIzacile futhi iyashesha ukuyilungisa nokupheka, ilingana njengegilavu ​​kusigqi esisha sansuku zonke, yingakho isaziwa ngokushesha.

Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, ngo-September 13, 1993, uhulumeni waseFrance waqaphela ngokusemthethweni leli zwe i-baguette yendabuko ngencazelo yomthetho eyayidinga ukusetshenziswa kwe izindlela zakudalaLe nhlangano yaholwa isazi-mlando uSteven Kaplan, uchwepheshe emlandweni wesinkwa saseFrance sangekhulunyaka le-18, owakhuthaza ukutholwa kwama-flavour namaphunga agqamile, axhumene nemikhuba efana nokuvumela imvubelo iphumule ubusuku bonke ukuze kuzuzwe imvuthuluka enokhilimu kanye nephrofayili yokunambitha eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukusetshenziswa, okuhlukile namagama emazweni ahlukene

Ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-baguette ne-France—ikakhulukazi iParis—akunakugwenywa, kodwa umthelela wako usemhlabeni wonke. E-Francophone Afrika, ifa lokuba khona kobukoloni, lesi sinkwa siyi ingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke emazweni amaningi aseMaghreb nase-sub-Saharan Africa. Izibalo ze-FAO zikhomba i-Algeria njengomthengi omkhulu, enamashumi ezigidi zamayunithi nsuku zonke, nakuba lesi sibalo kufanele sibhekwe ngenxa yezinkinga ezibikiwe ngokusetshenziswa kwesinkwa kulelo zwe.

Ezweni lamaSpanishi, igama liyahlukahluka futhi libonisa umbala wendawo. E-Argentina naseChile ibizwa ngokuthi umtshingo wepaniE-Colombia, ibizwa ngokuthi "pan francés" (isinkwa sesiFulentshi); e-Costa Rica, amagama afana ne-"melcochón" (Alajuela) nelithi "bollo de pan" avela, ngaphezu kwegama elivamile elithi "baguette." Lokhu kwehluka akuyona into encane: amagama asitshela ukuthi ukudla kuhlanganiswe kanjani nesiko ngalinye.

E-Cuba, manje iyenziwa futhi idliwe ezindaweni ezimbalwa futhi ivame ukubhakwa kuyo amathreyi agayiwe i-perforated, ngomphumela ongahlukile kakhulu kwezinye izinkwa ezifanayo futhi iphuzu layo elifanele lehla ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma kuhhavini; lapho, okuthiwa isinkwa se-flauta sithambile futhi silandela iresiphi ehlukile. E-Venezuela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwavela inguqulo yendawo edumile, "isinkwa se-canilla" (noma nje "i-canilla"), eyavela njengendlela esheshayo yokukhiqiza futhi ihlangana nezinkwa ezincane ezaziwa ngokuthi "isinkwa saseFrance".

Ithonya lesiFulentshi e-Asia lishiye uphawu lwalo ezinkwameni eziyisakhiwo sodumo kanye nokudla okulula. E-Vietnam, i-baguette yavela endaweni bheka mì, uphawu lokudla komgwaqo okunempilo okuhlanganisa isinkwa esiwuqweqwe oluncibilikisiwe namakhukhamba, amakhambi, ama-pâtés, nenyama. ECambodia, i num pa thatha ithuba ama-baguettes wendawo ukwakha amasemishi ashisayo athandwa kakhulu.

Uma ubheka eFrance, ukusetshenziswa kuhlala kumangalisa. Isilinganiso sika-2015 esikhulume ngaso nxazonke 30 million baguette ngosuku ezweni. Leli qiniso libonisa kangcono kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo ebalulekile yalesi sinkwa ekudleni nasengqondweni yesiFulentshi.

Futhi eSpain? Lapha i-baguette ihlukaniswa njengenye ye izinkwa zelangabi (imvuthuluka ethambile), uma kuqhathaniswa nemvuthuluka eminyene yesinkwa sendabuko saseCastilian; futhi yayo isitoreji kubhasikidi wesinkwa Kuyingxenye yesiko lasekhaya. Ngolimi oluvamile, elithi "barra" lisebenza njengesambulela esimboza izinkwa eziningi ezinde, futhi eMadrid, isiteketiso esithi "pistola" (isibhamu) sisaphikelela kuhlobo oluthile lwesinkwa. Kuyamangaza ukuthi maphakathi nawo-nineties, i-baguette yayingaziwa e-Spain, kodwa nokho ngo-2015 yayisingumkhiqizo wokubhaka othengiswa kakhulu ezweni lonke.

Le boom has a dimensional logistical: in Spain, the cishe konke Ama-baguette owathola ezitolo ezinkulu kanye namabhikawozi amaningi ayabhakwa futhi afriziwe, adinga ukubhaka okokugcina lapho kuthengiswa. Lolu chungechunge lwenza kube lula ukutholakala komkhiqizo kanye nokuvumelana, nakuba abahlanza isinkwa esinemvubelo emide bekhetha isinkwa esenziwe ebhikawozi esiphekwe kusetshenziswa izindlela zendabuko.

Lapho uxoxa ngegama ngeSpanishi, okuhle-futhi-ukwenza amafomu ajwayelekile ajwayelekile: i-baguette o i-baguetteIngabonakala kaningi kumalebula ezentengiso i-baguetteKodwa-ke, emibhalweni efundisayo, izindlela zokupheka, noma amamenyu ezindawo zokudlela ngesi-Spanish, ukwamukela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kusiza ukuhambisana kolimi ngaphandle kokuyeka ukunotha kwezokupheka okumelelwa yilesi sinkwa.

Amathiphu okubhala nezisetshenziswa zokuxazulula ukungabaza

Esikhathini esibuswa ukuxhamazela, ukunakekela i isipelingi Futhi ukuhambisana kwemibhalo kuyaqhubeka nokwenza umehluko. Ukubhala kahle amaphrojekthi womsebenzi, ukuqina, nokuhlonipha umfundi; ukukhubeka njalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungakwenza ubonakale ungenandaba noma ungakulungele, into egwenywa kangcono kukho kokubili umsebenzi kanye nezilungiselelo zemfundo.

Ukubhala kahle kudinga umkhuba kanye nokujwayelana nesakhiwo solimi. Ukufunda njalo kwandisa ulwazimagama futhi kucije indlebe ukuze ithole amafomu okungezona ezemvelo. Kule ndawo, ukuba nemithombo ethembekile kuyisihluthulelo sokususa ukungabaza okuthile, njengokuthi kungcono yini ukubhala *baguete*, *baguet*, noma ukushiya i-Gallicism eluhlaza njengoba injalo.

IRoyal Spanish Academy, eyasungulwa eMadrid ngo-1713 ekuqaleni kweMarquis of Villena, ihola uhlaka lwesikhungo oluvikela ubunye beSpanishi. Imithetho yayo ibeka njengomgomo wayo oyinhloko "ukuthi ulimi, ekuzivumelaniseni nalo ngokuqhubekayo nezidingo zabalukhulumayo, alwephuli iyunithi ebalulekileLo msebenzi uhlanganiswe nezinye izinkampani ezingama-22 ze-Association of Spanish Language Academies (ASALE), futhi namuhla i-RAE yenziwe izifundiswa ezingama-46 ezinegunya lesikhashana.

Ngokwezinga elingokoqobo, i-Fundéu (Urgent Spanish Foundation), ngokubambisana neRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE), isabalalisa izincomo eziwusizo ezintathelini nakubasebenzisi bebonke. Phakathi kwalezi zincomo kukhona esithinta... i-baguette Ichaza ngokucacile ukujwayela okuthandwayo, ukuphimisela, nokwakheka kobuningi. Lezi zinhlangano ziphakamisa imibandela evamile ukuze abezindaba basebenzise iSpanishi samanje, esinembayo, nesiqondakalayo.

Akuyona yonke into enokuthula emgomeni wolimi: kunezinkulumo mpikiswano—njengalena emayelana ulimi oluhlangene- kanye nokungezwani phakathi kokusetshenziswa okuvelayo kanye nezinkambiso ezimisiwe. Ngendlela yokubuka nokuqopha, i-Observatory of Words yethulwa ngo-2020, inqolobane yesikhashana eqoqa amagama angafakiwe kusichazamazwi (i-neologisms, amagama angaphandle, amagama obuchwepheshe noma izifundazwe) futhi inikeza ulwazi oluyinkomba olungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokusikisela ukugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa kwawo.

Kulabo abajabulela ukufunda amagama amasha, kukhona nephephabhuku elibizwa ngokuthi "Izwi Losuku," elikuthumela incazelo, umsuka, kanye nomlando omncane wegama lesi-Spanish, kanye nezindaba zolimi ngokubambisana no-Superprof. Kuwebhusayithi yabo, ungabheka okuthunyelwe kwakamuva, upheqa uhlu lwama-alfabhethi, futhi, uma kudingeka, bhalisa noma uzikhiphe ohlwini kalula

Kulezo zinsizakalo, kuvamile ukuba bancome engeza ikheli Bangeze ohlwini lwakho loxhumana nabo ukuze udlule izihlungi zogaxekile futhi uzikhumbuze, ukuze kube sobala, ukuthi ungayiphatha kanjani idatha yakho noma ushintshe okuncamelayo. Lena imininingwane esebenzayo evimbela ama-imeyili ukuthi agcine elahlekile kufolda engalungile.

Imiphakathi efundayo Izinsiza zolimi nazo zengeza ukubaluleka okukhulu lapho zisetshenziswa ngobuhlakani. Kukhona izinkundla ezikhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi "bakhulume ngezilimi, babuze imibuzo, futhi babelane ngezisetshenziswa," nalapho ukugcinwa kwesihloko kugcizelelwa khona: akukho okuqukethwe okungahleliwe okungase kuphazamise ingxoxo kusukela ku-Spanish noma izilimi. Lolu hlaka lusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpendulo ziyashesha, ziwusizo kakhulu, futhi zicacile.

Enye inothi yedijithali: ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana zikhawulela lokho ongakubona uma uphequlula ngakho I-JavaScript ivaliwefuthi bakuqondisa esikhungweni sabo sosizo, Imigomo Yesevisi, kanye Nobumfihlo noma Izinqubomgomo Zekhukhi. Kuvamile ukuhlangana nalezi zaziso zosekelo lwezobuchwepheshe nezomthetho, ezichaza indlela yokufinyelela okuqukethwe usebenzisa isiphequluli esihambisanayo.

Ekubhaleni kwakho, namathela kokubalulekile: uma isihloko siyisinkwa eside, esiwuqweqwe lwesinkwa, izimo ezikhethwayo ngeSpanishi ziyi. i-baguette y i-baguetteUma igama lesiFulentshi livela, liphathe njengegama eliqondile langaphandle. Khumbula ubuningi obulula (ama-baguetes, ama-baguet), ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwefomu lesifazane, futhi, uma uzizwa ufuna ukwandisa umbono wakho, jabulela umlando, amagama esifunda, nokuhluka okugqugquzelwe yilesi sinkwa emhlabeni jikelele.