- Kusukela ngo-313 kuya kuNovemba 1: kusukela emikhosini yokuqala ehlakazekile kuze kube usuku oluhlanganiswe nguGregory III futhi lwenziwa umhlaba wonke nguGregory IV.
- Bonke Abangcwele, kuhlanganise nabangaziwa: isibopho sesibopho emazweni amaningi kanye namakhalenda ahlukene kwezinye izinkolo.
- I-November 1st kanye ne-2nd ayifani: eyokuqala ihlonipha labo abakanye noNkulunkulu; owesibili uthandazela umufi, egqugquzelwa nguSaint Odilo.
Umhla ka-November 1 ubuya unyaka ngamunye njengokwakudala ekhalendeni lezenkolo namasiko: Usuku Lwabangcwele Bonke. Usuku lapho izigidi zabantu, ikakhulukazi emazweni anesiko lamaKhatholika, zihlonipha labo abathathwa njengezibonelo zempilo yobuKristu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangcwele noma cha. Ngo-2025, ngokwesibonelo, lolo suku luba ngoMgqibelo, imininingwane engashintshi incazelo yalo kodwa evumela abaningi ukuthi banikele isikhathi esengeziwe sokukhumbula abathandekayo babo. Kunoma yikuphi, ukubaluleka kwayo kungaphezu kokukhumbula i-autumn elula, ngoba yayo Umsuka wawo ungaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane yomlando futhi ihlotshaniswa nemikhuba yangaphambi kobuKristu.
Lo mkhosi awugcini nje ngokuvusa amagama adumile ema-altare, kodwa futhi uhlanganisa namakholwa amaningi angaziwa, ngokwekholo, athole ubungcwele. I-Spanish Episcopal Conference ivame ukusikhumbuza ukuthi abangcwele benza njengalokhu abakhulekeli kanye nezibonelo zokuphila kwevangeliFuthi lo mongo usiza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani umkhosi uhlala ubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izungezwe amasiko adumile ahluke kakhulu: ukuvakashela emathuneni anezimbali, uquqaba olunesizotha, amasiko esifunda, ngisho nemikhosi yomsuka wamaCeltic, phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ehlanganiswe nokholo olusha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukunambitheka kwayo kwasendulo.
Umsuka nokusungulwa kukaNovemba 1
Indaba iqala emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka obuKristu, lapho umphakathi ubhekana noshushiso olunzima—njengalolo luka UDiocletian- abashiya ngemuva inqwaba yabafel' ukholo. Ngemva kwe Umthetho waseMilan wonyaka wama-313Inkolo yobuKristu yazuza ukuba semthethweni eMbusweni WaseRoma, futhi umqondo wokugubha isikhumbuzo esivamile sokuhlonipha bonke abangcwele nabafel 'ukholo, hhayi nje abadume kakhulu, kancane kancane wabamba. Nokho, ngalezo zinsuku zakuqala lalingekho ikhalenda elilodwa, futhi isifunda ngasinye sasiphawula usuku lwaso.
E-Syria nasezindaweni eziseduze, ne-Edessa njengendawo eyinkomba, kwakukhona imiphakathi eyayigubha leyo nkumbulo 13 ngoMeyiNgakolunye uhlangothi, eNtshonalanga, kwasungulwa isiko lokubakhumbula ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwePhentekoste. Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kubonisa indlela ukuhlonishwa kosanta okwavela ngayo ngokwemvelo ngaphambi kokuba iRoma imise usuku olutholakala emhlabeni wonke. Ingqopha-mlando kulolu hlelo kwaba yisinqumo se- UPapa Boniface IV, okwathi ngonyaka ka-609 wanikezela iBandla LamaRoma kuNcasakazi uMariya nakubo bonke abafel’ ukholo, isenzo esabeka inkambo yedili nokuthi, ngokwesiko, sahlanganisa isixhumanisi esingokwenkolo nalabo abanikela ngokuphila kwabo ngenxa yokholo.
Isinyathelo sokugcina esibheke kuNovemba 1st sidalwe UGregory III (731-741)owanikezela indlu yesonto e-St. Peter's Basilica ekuhlonipheni Abangcwele Bonke futhi wasungula lolo suku eRoma. Akuphelanga sikhathi esingakanani, UGregory IV Wayala ukuthi igcinwe eBandleni lonke phakathi neminyaka 835-837Ngakho, isikhumbuzo sayeka ukuba umkhosi wendawo futhi saba isikhumbuzo esibalulekile emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, idili langoNovemba 1st seligxilile emhlabeni wonke wobuKristu.
Ukukhethwa kosuku kwakungeyona into engafanele. Izifundo namasiko ahlukahlukene akugcina lokho UNovemba wakhethwa ukuba enze ubuKristu noma angasebenzi imikhuba yobuqaba egxilile Phakathi kwabantu basenyakatho yeYurophu, ikakhulukazi labo abadabuka eCeltic naseJalimane, iBandla, ngokuphakamisa umkhosi wobuKristu kule mikhosi yezinguquko yesizini, lakhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwenkumbulo engcwele, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yahlanganisa futhi yashintsha imikhuba yangaphambili ngaphandle kokusula ngokuphelele ukuzwakala kwamasiko abo.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amahlelo ahlukene obuKristu ayesezakhela awawo amakhalenda. Isonto laseSheshi Umgubho usabanjwe ngoNovemba 1st. ISonto Lobu-Orthodox —kanye namanye amasiko aseMpumalanga nemiphakathi yamaLuthela noma yamaWeseli—ikufaka phakathi ngeSonto lokuqala emva kwePhentekosteLo mehluko awuqedi intambo efanayo: uwusuku lokuqaphela ubungcwele kuzo zonke izinkulumo zabo, kuhlanganise nalokho okwaziwa nguNkulunkulu kuphela.
Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuNovemba: ukusuka ePantheon kuya eSan Pedro
Ukulandelana komlando kubonisa ukuguquguquka okucacile: kusukela esikhumbuzweni esihlukahlukene nesihlakazekile (May 13 kwezinye izindawo, isonto lokuqala ngemva kwePhentekoste kwezinye) kuya osukwini oluhlangene. Ukunikezelwa kwethempeli lasendulo lamaRoma—iPantheon—nguBoniface IV encwadini 609 wahlwanyela imbewu yomkhosi wokuhlanganyela. Isinqumo esilandelayo sokuthi UGregory III ukuhambisa isikhumbuzo kuNovemba kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwaso emhlabeni wonke nge UGregory IV Bafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngenqubo engaphezu kwamakhulu amane eminyaka, kwaze kwaba u-November 1 uba usuku okubhekiselwa kulo kweLobukholwa lesiLatini.
Kungani ikakhulukazi lolo suku?
Incazelo ephindaphindwa kaningi ikhomba isu lokwalusa: UNovemba uhambisane nemigubho yezolimo neyokuphela komjikelezo EYurophu, ukubeka umkhosi wobuKristu lapho kwavumela ukuhunyushwa kabusha kwemikhuba kanye nencazelo entsha okufanele inikezwe kubo. Lokhu kuyindaba ye uSamhainI-Samhain, umgubho omkhulu wama-Celtic wokushintshela esikhathini esimnyama sonyaka, nesithombe sawo somngcele phakathi kwemihlaba. Nakuba uSuku Lwabo Bonke Osanta lungaqali e-Samhain, kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukukhetha kuka-November 1 kwasiza inkhulumomphendvulwano—akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi—phakathi kwamaqiniso amabili, kanye nethonya lesikhathi eside lashiya uphawu lwalo emasikweni endawo ahlala ephila ezifundeni ezinjengeGalicia ne-Ireland.
Amakhalenda obuKristu nama-Orthodox
Ukwenziwa emhlabeni wonke kosuku eNtshonalanga akuvimbeli amanye amasiko ekulondolozeni isigqi sawo senkonzo. Kwe ISonto Lobu-OrthodoxUsuku Lwabangcwele Bonke lugujwa ngeSonto elilandela iPhentekoste, ngaleyo ndlela kugqanyiswa umsebenzi kaMoya ekungcwelisweni kwabathembekile. Imiphakathi AmaLuthela namaWeseli Baphinde baligcinele lelo Sonto isikhumbuzo esifanayo, kuyilapho amaKhatholika namaSheshi asigcina ngoNovemba 1st. Ibalazwe lihlukene, kodwa inhloso iyafana: ukubonga ngoquqaba lofakazi abathi, ngezimpilo zabo, babonakalise iVangeli.
Umqondo wenkolo, umehluko namasiko
Lo mgubho awugcini kwabangcwele abenziwe abangcwele ngokusemthethweni. IBandla ligcizelela ukuthi umhlaka-1 kuLwezi wusuku lokukhumbula bonke asebegcotshwe njengabangcwele. bonke labo abangcwele baziwa nguNkulunkulu kuphelaNgakho-ke, nakuba ngokuvamile amapherishi amaningi egxila ezibalweni ezithandwayo, lolu suku luhlanganisa nabangcwele abangaziwa, labo ababephila ukuphila kokuzinikela kwansuku zonke ngaphandle kokufinyelela inqubo esemthethweni yokugunyazwa. Lobu bubanzi buyingxenye yamandla ayo futhi buchaza ukukhanga kwayo kwezizukulwane.
Emkhakheni wamaKatolika, kubhekwa uSuku Lwabangcwele Bonke usuku olungcwele lwesibopho Emazweni amaningi, abathembekile bayamenywa—futhi, lapho okujwayelekile kusebenza khona, kudingeka—ukuba bahlanganyele eMiseni, ngaphandle kwalapho kuvinjelwa isizathu esicindezelayo. Ngemva kweNguquko, imiphakathi ehlukahlukene yamaProthestani yasigcina lesi sikhumbuzo ngamasiko ayo ahlukene; isibonelo, iMethodism igcizelela ukubonga ngezimpilo nokufa kwabangcwele. Kwezinye izindawo, njengase-United States, ngokuvamile akulona iholidi lomphakathi, nakuba ukugujwa kwalo okungokwenkolo kuqhubeka emasontweni amaningi endawo.
Kuyafaneleka ukucacisa umbono oyiphutha ovamile: Usuku Lwabangcwele Bonke (November 1st) alufani noSuku Lwemiphefumulo Yonke (November 2nd)Usuku lokuqala luhlonipha labo asebevele bejabulela ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu—abangcwele, abaziwayo nabangaziwa—kuyilapho usuku olulandelayo lunikezelwe ekukhulekeleni imiphefumulo yalabo asebefile futhi abahlanjululwayo, ngokwemfundiso yesihlanzo. Lolu suku lwesibili lwasungulwa kusukela ngekhulu le-10 kuya phambili ngenxa yomfutho we Saint Odilo of Cluny eFrance, futhi yasakazeka yaze yamukelwa eSontweni LaseLatin kusukela ngekhulu le-16 kuqhubeke.
Amasiko ahlobene noNovemba 1st ahluke kakhulu. ESpain, umkhuba ojwayelekile uwukuthi vakashela amathuna anezimbaliukuqoqa amathuna futhi wabelane isikhashana sokukhumbula umndeni. Emasontweni amaningi ombhishobhi, kuboniswa izinsalela zosanta abangabasekeli, noma kuba nemikhosi enesizotha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amasiko esifunda aphikelela, abumba umlingiswa wosuku futhi axhumanise ekuqaleni kwekwindla kanye nokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
I-Spain: kusukela ekukhunjweni emathuneni kuya ekugazini ama-chestnut emlilweni
Eziqhingini zaseCanary, i Umkhosi Wabafileyookuhlanganisa imindeni ukuze ikhumbule umufi ngezindaba, umculo, nokudla. E-Galicia, e-Basque Country, naseCatalonia, ama-chestnuts agazingiwe abelana ngokugqama: ngokwesiko lamaCeltic uSamhain, ku Gaztañerre Eguna nase- Castanyadangokulandelana. Izindlela ezihlukene zokugubha inkumbulo efanayo, enesizinda esivamile sokubonga isivuno kanye nendawo yokukhosela ngokumelene nezikhathi ezishintshayo.
Kunemikhuba efuna ukwazi esaqhubeka emadolobheni athile. Ku I-Begíjar (Jaén)Isibonelo, isiko lokuvala izimbobo zikakhiye zezindlu ngephalishi lisaqhutshwa ngenkolelo yokuthi lokhu kuxosha imimoya emibi. Lezi zinhlobo zamasiko, manje ezigujwa ngomoya wenjabulo, zembula ukwesaba okudala okungaziwa ngobusuku Bayo Yonke Imimoya futhi zibonisa indlela izinkolelo-ze zasendulo ezihlangana ngayo nomgubho wobuKristu.
I-Europe ne-Asia: amaholide omphakathi kanye nokuzinikela okudumile
Ngale kweSpain, umhlaka-1 Novemba wusuku olungasebenzi France kanye Germanylapho amabhizinisi amaningi evala khona futhi yonke imindeni iya emathuneni noma emasontweni. EPhilippines, lolu suku—lwaziwa ngokuthi Undas- Kuhlanganisa inkumbulo yabangcwele kanye nesikhumbuzo somuntu oshonile: izimbali zilethwa, kukhulekwa, futhi ukudla kwabelwa emathuneni, ngenhlanganisela yokuhlonipha kanye nokwethembeka okuyingxenye yobuntu babo bamasiko.
IMelika: ukusuka eLa Catrina kuya kumakite amakhulu
En I-MéxicoUmkhathi ozungeze u-November 1st no-2 ufinyelela umfutho oyingqayizivele. Izimpande zangaphambi kweSpanishi—ezazihlanganisa nokuhlanganyela isivuno namadlozi nokubeka izindlela zezimbali ukuze ziwaqondise—zahlanganiswa nesiko lamaKatolika, futhi kusukela kulokhu kuhlanganisa, kwazalwa uSuku Lwabafileyo lwamanje. Usuku lokufaI-UNESCO yamemezela leli siko Amagugu Amasiko Angaphatheki Wobuntu ngenxa yokunotha kwayo okungokomfanekiso nokubaluleka komphakathi. Isithonjana salo mkhathi ngu UCatrina, isibalo esaduma ngu Diego Rivera emdwebeni wakhe othi “Iphupho LangeSonto Ntambama e-Alameda Central”, kusukela ku Ukhakhayi lwe-garbancera ukuthi caricatured Jose Guadalupe Posada cishe ngo-1910 ukugxeka ukubonakala komphakathi.
En GuatemalaUmhla ka-November 1 ugujwa ngenhlanganisela ephilayo yesiko lendabuko nokholo lobuKatolika. Kujwayelekile uku aqinile —isidlo samaholide esinamasoseji, inyama nemifino—, siphelezelwa U-squash omnandi, ama-jocote amnandi, nama-chickpeas ojuKodwa akukho lutho oluheha ukunakwa okuningi njenge- amakhayithi noma izinkanyezi ezinomsila we U-Sumpango no-Santiago Sacatepéqueziphakanyiswe esibhakabhakeni ukuze ixoshe imimoya emibi noma, ngokusho kwabanye, njengophawu lokuxhumana namadlozi. I-Todos Santos Cuchumatán (Huehuetenango), usuku luhlanganisa umjaho weribhoni odumile, nabagibeli abagqoke izingubo zomkhosi inselele ehlala amahora futhi iqinisa ukuhlonza umphakathi.
I-Halloween kanye ne-“triduum” ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba
Ubudlelwano phakathi Halloween (ngo-October 31), uSuku Lwabo Bonke Osanta (November 1), noSuku Lwayo Yonke Imimoya (November 2) ngokuvamile zichazwa ngokuthi “i-triduum” yamasiko: izinsuku ezintathu ezixhunywe ukukhunjulwa kwabafileyo. I-Halloween - Wonke ama-Hallows 'Eve Isiko lamaNgisi-ikakhulukazi lisuka ezweni lamaCeltic futhi lamukelwa futhi lashintshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukunambitheka kwemvunulo kubangelwa imithelela yesiFulentshi. Iqhinga noma into emnandi ezindaweni ze-Anglo-Saxon kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe amathanga Amathonya ase-Ireland. Ngokufika kwabokufika e-United States, lezi zici zahlangana futhi zahlanganiswa emgubhweni omkhulu wasemadolobheni okhona namuhla, ngendlela yawo, nesikhumbuzo sobuKristu sabangcwele nabafileyo.
Empeleni, amazwe amaningi abhekana nalezi zinsuku njengeyunithi eyodwa: usuku lwangaphambi kokudlala kakhulu, isikhumbuzo sangoNovemba 1, kanye nomkhuleko wabafileyo ngomhlaka-2. Kunokuba ziphikisane, lezi zikhathi zingaphelelisana uma kuqondwa ukuthi ngasinye Inencazelo yayo nokugcizelelwa kwayo okukhethekile: ukusuka ekudumiseni kuye kulabo asebemjabulela uNkulunkulu, kuya ekunxuseleni abasendleleni.
Umkhosi onobuso bendawo kanye nobizo lomhlaba wonke
Ubuningi bamasiko abuwunciphisi umnyombo wokuhlonipha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekubonisweni kwezinsalela ezindlini zesonto noma ekuvakasheni okusangulukile emathuneni asendaweni, ukukholelwa okufanayo kunamandla: Izimpilo zabangcwele zikhanyisa isikhathi samanje futhi basekela ithemba lempilo egcwele. Kungakho, nakuba izitayela zishintsha—kusuka kumaswidi esizini eSpain kuya kuma-altare ezimbali e-Mexico, kudlula amakhayithi aseGuatemala—inkumbulo Yabo Bonke Abangcwele iqhubeka nokunikeza ulimi oluvamile nolubonakalayo.
Kukhona futhi ama-nuances endawo acebisa isipiliyoni. Kwamanye amapherishi, kuhlelwa umlindelo ngobusuku buka-Okthoba 31—kuphinda kuthathwe incazelo ye Halloween-, kwabanye, abantu ababodwa bavakashelwa, futhi ezindaweni eziningi zasemaphandleni, umkhosi uyaqhubeka etafuleni nama-dessert endabuko kanye nezitsha zonyaka. Konke lokhu kudala ukuthintana kwezimpawu lapho umphakathi ngamunye unikela ngendlela yawo yokugubha, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbono wenhloso yasekuqaleni. ubungcwele njengobizo lomhlaba wonke.
Umehluko phakathi kwabangcwele nabafileyoLesi sici, ngezinye izikhathi esinganakwa, siphinde sisiza ekugxiliseni incazelo yosuku ngalunye. NgoNovemba 1, sibheke kulabo asebefinyelele umgomo wabo, kuyilapho ngoNovemba 2nd, sithandazela labo abasadinga ukuhlanzwa. Kulo mbono ombaxambili—injongo ecatshangwayo kanye nohambo oluqhubekayo—izibopho zomndeni, inkumbulo ehlangene, nomthandazo wokuhlanganyela, izici ezintathu ezichaza ukuba khona okuhlala njalo kwalezi zinsuku emiphakathini eya ngokuya ixubile.
Sekuhlanganiswe ndawonye, umlando wabo bonke abangcwele ukhuluma ngoshintsho: ukusuka ku-patchwork yamadethi nokuzinikela ukuya esimisweni esimisiwe. 1 ngoNovembaNgophawu oluqinile lwezinkonzo nezamasiko, izimpande zalo ezijulile eSpain nasemhlabeni wonke zibonakala ekuthuleni okunenhlonipho kwamathuna kanye nasemicikilishweni ethandwayo efaka umbala wosuku. Futhi nakuba ukuhamba kwesikhathi kuye kwahlanganisa amasiko angaphandle—noma kwavuselela asendulo—inhliziyo yomkhosi isala: ukuqaphela ukuthi ubungcwele abuyona insindiso yabambalwa, kodwa umgomo okumenywa kuwo konke ukuphila.
Noma ubani osondela kulo mkhosi ngamehlo amasha uzothola ukuthi ubuhle bawo abukho ezimbalini, amaswidi, noma amakhandlela kuphela, kodwa kulokho abakuvusayo: inkumbulo yokubonga kulabo abeza phambi kwethu ngokholo nokuzibophezela ukuphila namuhla ngokuvumelana okufanayo. Impela ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Bonke abaNgcwele bayakhuthazela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: ngoba iyakhumbula, iyakhuthaza, futhi buthule iphakamisa umkhathizwe wethemba okwabelwana ngalo.
