I-Kuchisake-onna: Inganekwane eyesabekayo yowesifazane onomlomo osikiwe

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Inganekwane ka-Kuchisake-onna, eyaziwa ngokuthi owesifazane oyisikiwe, ingenye yezindaba eziphazamisayo nezidume kakhulu kunganekwane yesi-Japanese nesiKorea. Lesi sibalo sesipoki sidluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi saguqulwa saba ugqozi lwamafilimu, uchungechunge, ne-manga, okuthinta kakhulu izingane kanye nabantu abadala ngokufanayo. Indaba yakhe, egubuzelwe yimfihlakalo, ikhuluma ngokubuya kowesifazane ophawulwe yinhlekelele yomuntu siqu nobudlova obunonya kangangokuthi kuye kwamenza waba uphawu oluyisixwayiso kanye nenganekwane yasemadolobheni.

Kule migqa elandelayo uzongena endaweni yonke ethokozisayo nemnyama ye-Kuchisake-onna. Uzothola umsuka wayo, izinguqulo ezihlukene zenganekwane yayo, ukuziphendukela kwayo phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, nokuthi kungani ihlala ikhona esikweni elidumile lanamuhla. Sizophinde sihlole ukuthi ibukeka kanjani, inkambiso elandelwayo nezisulu zayo, ingqikithi yomlando eyavela ngayo, nezindlela ezihlukene le nganekwane eziveza ngayo e-Japan naseNingizimu Korea.

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Umsuka kanye nokuvela kwenganekwane

U-Kuchisake-onna ungumuntu oyinganekwane ovela kunganekwane yaseJapane, ethathwa kokubili njenge-yōkai ne-onryō, okungukuthi, umoya wokuziphindiselela noma idemoni. Inganekwane yayo isabalale kulo lonke elaseJapan futhi, ngokuhamba kweminyaka, iphinde yavela eSouth Korea naseChina, ithatha ama-nuances ayo.

Indaba yokuqala yowesifazane oyisikwe umlomo ihlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-17 nele-19, phakathi nenkathi ye-Edo eJapane. Ngaleso sikhathi, izindaba ezimayelana nabesifazane ababukekayo nabaziphindiselelayo zase ziyingxenye yezincwadi ezithandwayo. Kunama-akhawunti ezincwadini ezifana nethi "Kaidan Rō no Tsue," echaza owesifazane onomlomo odabukile owayevame ukuguquka abe impungushe (kitsune) futhi ahlasele abahambi emaphethelweni e-Edo (iTokyo yanamuhla). Futhi ku-"Ehon Sayo Shigure" kusukela ngo-1801, kulandisa ukuthi i-courtesan yavela kanjani umlomo wayo unqunywe ezindlebeni zakhe, okwenza ukuthi labo abambonayo baquleke.

Izinguqulo zesimanje zenganekwane zafinyelela ukuthandwa kwazo okukhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Ngaleyo minyaka, amahlebezi okuthi uKuchisake-onna abonwe asakazeka kulo lonke elaseJapane, edala ukudideka okukhulu. Umshini wendawo, njengephephandaba i-Gifu Shimbun, waba nesandla ekusakazeni le nganekwane, eqoqa ubufakazi obuvela kubantu ababethi bahlangabezane nalesi sibalo esiphazamisayo emakhoneni anesizungu, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezinenkungu.

ENingizimu Korea, inganekwane yathola ukuvelela ngo-2004, ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Ppalgan maseukeu yeoja" (owesifazane onemaski ebomvu). Lapho, kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kokuhlinza izimonyo futhi kubonisa ukwesaba kwemiphumela eyinhlekelele yokungenelela okuhlulekile, ukuhlanganisa inganekwane yendabuko nokwesaba kwangaleso sikhathi.

Inganekwane yakudala ye-Kuchisake-onna

Umlando wendabuko utshela ukuthi u-Kuchisake-onna wayengowesifazane omuhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi eyize futhi, ngokwezinye izinguqulo, eziphatha kabi. Washada nomsamurai, indoda ehloniphekile nehlonishwayo, kodwa ukuphila kwabo ndawonye kwakugcwele umona nokungathembani.

Isiqalo senganekwane ngokuvamile siwukungathembeki kwangempela noma okusolwayo ngasohlangothini lowesifazane. Lapho ama-samurai ethola noma esola izindaba zomkakhe ngaphandle komshado, ubanjwa ulaka nomhawu. Ethukuthele egane unwabu, uyamshaya agcine ngokumsika umlomo ngapha nangapha, ngesikhathi ememeza ethi: "Ubani ozocabanga ukuthi umuhle manje?" Kwezinye izinhlobo, lona wesifazane uqhubeka ehlukunyezwa futhi ubalekela ehlathini, lapho enyamalala khona unomphela ngemva kokucwiywa ngendlela efanayo.

Ngemva kokubulawa kwakhe, umoya wowesifazane ubuyela emhlabeni wasemhlabeni, uguqulwe waba umbukwane wokuziphindiselela. Uphenduke i-onryō noma i-yōkai, uzulazula emigwaqweni yaseJapane (futhi, ezinguqulweni zanamuhla, zaseKorea) efuna izisulu ezizobhekana nesiphetho esifanayo nesakhe.

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Ukubukeka komzimba nezici

Ukubukeka kukaKuchisake-onna kuyesabeka ngendlela engaqondakali. Ama-akhawunti amaningi amchaza njengowesifazane omude, ophakathi kwamamitha angu-1,75 no-1,80 ubude, nakuba abanye bethi angafinyelela kumamitha angu-2,5. Isikhumba sakhe siphaphathekile, izandla zakhe zimhlophe, futhi izinwele zakhe zinde futhi ziqondile, ngokuvamile ezimnyama noma ezinsundu, okuqinisa isithombe sakhe se-spectral. Naphezu kokukhubazeka, ubuso bakhe buhle ngaphandle kwesibazi esibi esidabula umlomo kusukela endlebeni kuya endlebeni.

Ezindabeni zasendulo, owesifazane wayevame ukuvala inxeba lakhe esebenzisa umkhono wekimono noma ifeni. Njengamanje, inguqulo evame kakhulu imkhombisa egqoke imaskhi yokuhlinzwa noma isikhafu, izinto zansuku zonke eJapan naseNingizimu Korea, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zomkhuhlane noma ukugwema ukungcola. Ingubo yakhe yesimanje ngokuvamile ijazi elibeige noma elibomvu lomsele, nakuba kunobufakazi obukhuluma ngama-kimono, amabharethi abomvu, izicathulo eziphakeme, izibuko zelanga, ngisho nesambulela esibomvu okuthiwa uyakwazi ukundiza ngaso.

Kuthiwa i-Kuchisake-onna iyakwazi ukuphatha izikhali ezahlukene ezicijile, ezivame kakhulu izikele ezinde, kodwa nemibese namasikela. Kwezinye izinguqulo, umoya uhamba ngesivinini esingaphezu komuntu noma ngisho nasezikhungweni zezingcingo, okwenza kungenzeki ukubaleka uma usuqala ukubona isisulu.

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Isiko lombuzo kanye nesiphetho sezisulu

Umnyombo wale nganekwane ugxile ekuhlanganeni okwesabekayo phakathi kuka-Kuchisake-onna nesisulu sakhe. Isigameko sivamise ukwenzeka emigwaqweni enesizungu, ebusuku noma ngezinsuku ezinenkungu, okudala isimo esiphazamisayo nesingaqondakali.

Isiko liqala lapho owesifazane esondela, evala umlomo ngesifihla-buso noma isikhafu, futhi ebuza ngezwi elithambile: “Ingabe ngimuhle?” (Watashi kirei?) Ebhekene nalo mbuzo ongenacala, osemusha (noma umuntu akhuluma naye, ngokuvamile amadoda noma abafundi) unezinketho ezimbili:

• Uma uphendula ngokuthi cha: Ukusabela kukaKuchisake-onna kuyadabukisa. Akhiphe isikelo abulale indoda enganakile, ayinqamule umlomo ngapha nangapha, ayiphindaphinde inxeba elimlahlayo.
• Uma uphendula yebo: Owesifazane ususa isifihla-buso sakhe bese eveza umlomo wakhe omubi, oshwabene. Bese ephinda umbuzo othi: “Noma kunjalo?” (Idemo enjani?).

Kulo mzuzu wesibili, isisulu sivame ukukhubazeka ngenxa yokwethuka noma siphendule ngokungabaza. Uma ethi cha, ufa ngesihluku. Uma uphendula ngoyebo kuyo yomibili le mibuzo, ngokwezinguqulo eziningi, i-Kuchisake-onna ikunikeza ukumamatheka okufanayo okugwegwile, okuholela ukuthi wabelane ngokukhubazeka kwakhe. Kwezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile, umoya ungapha irubi elicwiliswe igazi bese uhamba uma ujabulile ngempendulo.

Kunemininingwane yolimi ethokozisayo: ngesi-Japanese, igama elithi “kirei” (elihle) lizwakala lifana nelithi “kiru” (ukusika), elengeza incazelo ephindwe kabili ye-macabre embuzweni wenganekwane.

Ungakwazi ukuphunyuka ku-Kuchisake-onna?

Inganekwane ithi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphunyuka kuleli bhizinisi. Kuthiwa angavela noma kuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzama kanjani ukuphunyuka, futhi ijubane lakhe elingaphezu komuntu lenza imizamo yokugijima ingasizi ngalutho. Kodwa-ke, isiko elidumile liye lakha izindlela ezithile zokugwema isiphetho esibuhlungu:

• Phendula ngokungacacile noma ngombuzo: Uma umuntu ovinjezelwe ephendula ngomunye umbuzo othi, “Kanti ngimuhle yini?”, owesifazane angase ashaqeke futhi amnike isikhathi sokubaleka.
• Ukuthi ujahile: Ngenxa yokuhlonipha imikhuba yamaJapane, uma isisulu simtshela ukuthi asikwazi ukukhuluma ngoba sinendaba ebalulekile okufanele siyilungise, siyoxolisa futhi simvumele ukuba ahambe.
• Nikeza amaswidi: Kwezinye izinguqulo, ukunikeza uswidi kungadambisa intukuthelo yomuntu futhi kushiye umuntu ebuzwa yedwa.
• Ukukhuluma igama elithi “pomada” kathathu: Kukholakala ukuthi u-Kuchisake-onna uyawuzonda lo mkhiqizo futhi ngeke ahlale kude.

Naphezu kwawo wonke lawa maqhinga, ingozi ebangelwa yi-specter iyaqhubeka ihlezi emcabangweni ohlangene waseJapane nowaseKorea.

Okuhlukile okuyinhloko namanye ama-akhawunti

Njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo ngezinganekwane zasemadolobheni, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezivumelaniswe nesifunda noma isikhathi. Kwezinye izindaba zasendulo, owesifazane uyisazi senkantolo esimangele endlini esesifundeni esinokukhanya okubomvu e-Yoshiwara (i-Tokyo endala) futhi enze iklayenti liquleke ngokubonisa umlomo walo odabukile. Kwezinye, ushintsha abe i-kitsune noma impungushe, noma ungumfazi womlimi ombulala ngemva kokungathembeki.

Kukhona nezinguqulo zesimanje ezibonisa ukukhathazeka kwamanje. Ngokwesibonelo, eNingizimu Korea, kuthiwa uKuchisake-onna wayengowesifazane osemusha owayezifela ngobuhle owasebenzisa ukuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki okuningana. Ekugcineni, umfundi oqeqeshelwa ukuhlinza udabula isilonda emlonyeni kusukela ekugcineni kuya ekugcineni. Engakwazi ukuthwala ukubukeka kwakhe okusha, lona wesifazane uyazibulala, futhi umoya wakhe ubuya, ezimboze nge-mask ebomvu, uphawu lokuhlinzwa okuhlulekile.

Kwezinye izingxenye zaseJapane, uhlotshaniswa nokusebenzisa kwakhe izimoto zezemidlalo ezibomvu, izambulela ezimvumela ukuba andize, amakamu e-boxwood, noshintsho lwezingubo kuye ngendawo. Kuphinde kwenezelwa ukuthi, ezindaweni ezithile, isilonda esisikhiphayo singahluka kuye ngohlobo lwegazi lesisulu: ukusuka ekusikeni okuncane kuya embotsheni yendlebe.

I-mass hysteria kanye nokusabalala kwezinganekwane zamanje

Icala le-Kuchisake-onna liyi-paradigmatic njengesibonelo sokwethuka komphakathi kanye nenganekwane yasemadolobheni ehamba phambili. Ikakhulukazi ngasekupheleni kwawo-70, ukusabalala kwamahemuhemu kanye nokubonwa okusolwayo kwaholela ekutheni izingane ziphelezelwe abantu abadala lapho ziphuma esikoleni, ekungeneleleni kwamaphoyisa emadolobheni afana ne-Koriyama ne-Hiratsuka, kanye nokushiya isikole ngobuningi ezindaweni ezifana ne-Kushiro ne-Niiza.

Inganekwane yeqa imingcele, yafika eNingizimu Korea ngo-2004. Kuleli zwe, indaba ikwazile ukuzivumelanisa nomphakathi ophawulwe ngengcindezi yobuhle kanye nokuduma kwezifihla-buso, ezixutshwa ngaphandle komthungo nenguqulo yasekuqaleni. Lokhu kugcine inganekwane iphila futhi ithuthuka ngenxa yokuxhumana kwayo nezinto ezikhathazayo zenkathi ngayinye.

Ukubukeka kwamasiko adumile: ifilimu, ithelevishini, kanye ne-manga

I-Kuchisake-onna ingenye yezinhlamvu eziphindaphinda kakhulu ku-horror yase-Asia yesimanje. Indaba yakhe iguqulelwe ukwenza ifilimu ezikhathini eziningi, ifilimu ethi "Kuchisake-onna 0: Biginingu" (2008) ingenye eyaziwa kakhulu futhi ethathwa njengengxenye yesaga "Eqoshiwe". Itulo livamise ukuzungeza abesifazane abamakwa ngokuhlukumezeka, ukungazethembi, noma ukuhlinzwa okuhlulekile, lapho umugqa phakathi kwenganekwane kanye nesayikholoji ufiphala.

E-Japan, amafilimu afana ne-"Gakkou no Kaidan" (1996), "Kuchisake" (2005), "Carved" (2007), "Kaiki toshi-densetsu" (2008), "Carved 2" (2008), "Uwasa no Shinsō! Kuchisake-onna" (2008) ifomethi ye-immortal.

Ubuye wavela ochungechungeni lwaseMelika olufana ne- “American Horror Story: Freak Show” (2014), “Constantine” (2014) kanye ne “True Monsters” (2015), okubonisa umthamo owengeziwe wenganekwane ngale kwe-Asia.

Emkhakheni we-manga ne-anime, i-Kuchisake-onna ingabonwa ezihlokweni ezifana ne-"Yo-Kai Watch", "Mob Psycho 100", "Jujutsu Kaisen" (2023) kanye nethi "Dandadan". Iphinde yagqugquzela abalingisi emidlalweni yevidiyo, efana ne-“Touhou 14.5 – Urban Legend in Limbo” noma i-“Ghostwire: Tokyo” edumile.

Imininingwane yolimi kanye nezimpawu

Amandla enganekwane ye-Kuchisake-onna aphinde alele ekudlaleni kwamagama okuyisisekelo kanye nezimpawu. Ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-"kirei" (enhle) kanye "ne-kiru" (ukusika) akuyona into engaphezu kwesexwayiso mayelana nokungabi nalutho kanye nezingozi ze-narcissism kanye nobuze. Ukubonakala kwakhe njengomuntu wesifazane ojeziswa umphakathi noma amadoda nakho kuqukethe ukuboniswa komphakathi ngendima yabesifazane nodlame lobulili.

Iphinde iqhathanise nezibalo ezifanayo kwamanye amasiko, njengeLa Llorona eLatin America noma iLa Siguanaba eMelika Ephakathi, ehlanganyela nabo ngombono wabesifazane ababuya ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa befuna ukuziphindiselela. Kodwa-ke, i-Kuchisake-onna igqama ngekhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nezikhathi futhi ihlangane namaqiniso amanje njengokuhlinzwa kwezimonyo, ukuthatheka ngobuhle, kanye nokusebenzisa imaski yobuso.

Izici ezingaphezu kwemvelo namandla okubalulwa

Ezinguqulweni ezahlukene zenganekwane, i-Kuchisake-onna kuthiwa inamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo namakhono angajwayelekile. Phakathi kweziyinhloko kukhona:

• Isivinini esingaphezu komuntu: Kubikwa ukuthi angakwazi ukugijima i-100 km ngemizuzwana engu-3 nje, ngisho ne-teleport.
• Amandla nokumelana: Amakhono akhe angokomzimba adlula yonke imingcele yomuntu, okumenza angakwazi ukuhlaselwa okuvamile futhi amvumele ukuba alimaze kalula amanxeba abulalayo.
• Ukukhohlisa kwengqondo: Usebenzisa ukubukeka kwakhe kanye nesimo esixakile semibuzo yakhe ukuze agxilise ukwethuka futhi akhubaze izisulu zakhe.
• Ukungafi noma ukumelana okungapheli: Njengoba iwumoya wokuziphindiselela, ayidingi ukudla noma ukuphumula, okuyenza ibe usongo oluqhubekayo.

Ubuthakathaka bakhe obuyinhloko bulele emikhubeni yakhe namaqhinga engqondo, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kodwa akekho owake wakwazi ukumnqoba ngokuqinisekile ngokwesiko.

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Owesifazane osikiwe namuhla

Ngaphandle kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko kwezenhlalo, inganekwane ye-Kuchisake-onna isasebenza njengoba yayinjalo emashumini eminyaka edlule. Ikwazile ukushintsha futhi ivumelane nokwesaba okuhlangene kwesizukulwane ngasinye. Kusukela ekwesabeni udlame olusekelwe ebulilini kuya ekwesabeni ukuhlinzwa ukuze abukeke kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezifihla-buso, owesifazane oyisikiwe usephenduke uphawu oluxubile lwendabuko nesimanje.

Izingane zaseJapane nezaseKorea zisazizwa izindaba eziphathelene naye esikoleni, imigwaqo kuseyinkundla yemidlalo yezandla nokubonwayo, futhi isiko elidumile lisaqhubeka ligcina inkumbulo yakhe iphila. Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuthi empeleni uzohlangana no-Kuchisake-onna, isibalo sakhe simema ukuzindla ngokubaluleka kokuqapha lapho ubhekene nokungaziwa kanye nezindleko zenhlalo nezomuntu siqu zokuthatheka ngokubukeka komzimba.

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Phakathi kwezinganekwane nesiko le-pop, i-Kuchisake-onna isivele iyisithonjana somhlaba wonke sokwethusa kanye nenganekwane yasemadolobheni. Indaba yayo, egcwele ama-nuances nezinguqulo, ijatshulelwa kokubili njengendaba esabekayo kanye nenani layo elingokomfanekiso nelokufundisa.