Izilwane ezidumile: izinganekwane, i-cryptozoology kanye nezimpawu

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Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo siye sakhangwa izidalwa ezingenakwenzeka: izidalwa ezizalwe ezimpambanweni zomcabango kanye nesidingo sokuchaza okungaziwa. Abanye bathi lezi zilwane zasenganekwaneni azibonakali ngenxa yokuthi azisekho, ziyizinganekwane, noma azitholakali kalula kangangokuthi azibonakali.

Ngaphandle kokuzijabulisa, Izinganekwane zinezinkomba zokuthi zaziwuqonda kanjani umhlaba impucuko yasendulo. Namuhla siphakamisa uhambo olubanzi: ukusuka eGreece kuya eScotland, ukusuka eRoma kuya e-Asia, kuhlanganise ne- izinganekwane zaseChina, kusukela oLwandle LwaseNordic kuya eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, enezitobhi ze-cryptozoology kanye nezimpawu zefilosofi ezisadlula kulezi zindaba.

Izilwane zezinganekwane zamaGreki

Amphisbaena: inyoka enamakhanda amabili enekhanda ekugcineni komzimba, ekwazi ukuluma ngemilomo yomibiliInganekwane ithi yaphuma egazini leMedusa elachithwa uPerseus ogwadule lwaseLibya; uma bekufanele sithole i-echo yemvelo, iye yaqhathaniswa kancane ne-Indian sand boa, nakuba ingenabo ubuthi futhi inekhanda elilodwa kuphela, kunjalo.

I-Arachne: umeluki omuhle, oziqhenyayo, wabekela u-Athena inselele ngobuciko bakheUnkulunkulukazi, ecasulwe isihloko se-tapestry kanye nokuziqhenya kwayo, wasiguqula saba isigamu sowesifazane, isicabucabu esiyingxenye; le nganekwane yaphefumulela umdwebo owaziwa ngokuthi The Spinners, okuthiwa uVelázquez.

I-Basilisk: isidalwa esinezingxenye zenyoka neqhude namaphiko anamaphiko; ekwazi ukubulala ngokubuka nje futhi ngokuphefumula okunobuthi kakhulu kwashisa izitshalo namatshe aqhekekile. Umsuka walo oyinqaba ukhuluma ngeqanda elibekwe iqhude elineminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala futhi lifukanyelwe isele iminyaka; wethuka nokukhala kweqhude nephunga lenkemane.

Thepha: inhlanganisela yebhubesi nokhozi, hypertrophied ngamandla nosayizi, okubalekela kwakhe ezintabeni eziphakemeyo kwenza izinkabi nabamahhashi besabe. Izinzipho zayo kuthiwa ziyakwazi ukumelana nobuthi, ngakho-ke zenziwa iziphandla zezikhulu ezesaba ukudliswa ushevu.

centaurs: imisipha yomuntu enamathele emzimbeni wehhashi, ngokuvamile kwethulwe njengokungacabangi nokungalawuleki, ngaphandle okuphawulekayo okufana ne-Pholus ne-Chiron. Ama-Centaurids abekhona futhi kubuciko bakudala, imininingwane engavamile ukushiwo emibhalweni kodwa ibonakala kuma-mosaic kanye nemidwebo.

ICerberus: inja yaseHayidesi enamakhanda amathathu, omsebenzi wabo kwakuwukuvimbela abafileyo ukuba bahambe kanye nokungena kwabaphilayo. Kwakungenzeka ukushweleza kuye: U-Orpheus wamlalisa ngomculo wakhe, kwathi u-Aeneas wamlalisa ngamaqebelengwane oju afakwe izidakamizwa.

Isigaba: isilwane sasolwandle sesifazane, indodakazi kaGaya nePhontu, ezihambisana nezingozi zolwandleIgama laso liqhubeka ngokwemibandela yesayensi exhumene nezidalwa zasolwandle ezinkulu njengama-cetaceans.

I-Chimera: isidalwa esiyi-protean esichazwa eminye imithombo ngokuthi sinomzimba wembuzi, umsila wenyoka noma udrako, nekhanda lengonyama, nezinye amakhanda amaningi (ibhubesi, imbuzi, udrako, nenyoka emsileni wayo), ekwazi ukuphefumula umlilo. Namuhla, i-chimera iqamba amaphrojekthi acatshangelwe ngangokunokwenzeka kodwa angenzeki.

UHydra kaLerna: inyoka yasemanzini enomoya onobuthi namakhanda avuselelayo, amabili kumuntu ngamunye onqunyiweU-Hercules wamnqoba ngokukhipha i-cauterizing ukusikwa ngakunye ngosizo luka-Iolaus nokungcwaba ikhanda elingenakufa ngaphansi kwetshe elikhulu.

Ichthyocentaurs: ama-marine centaurs anemilenze yangaphambili ye-equine, i-torso yomuntu kanye umsila wenhlanzi, ngobuhle bemabula nangemidwebo yamatshe njengoba ephazamisa ubuhlobo bawo nama-earth centaur.

Ama-Harpies: nobuso bowesifazane nomzimba wenyoni edla inyama, Beba ukudla kwezisulu zabo ngomyalo kaZeus futhi wabangela iziphepho; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama labo laba yigama elifanayo elidumile lomuntu ononya noma ohahayo.

I-Sphinx: umqaphi onomzimba webhubesi, amaphiko kanye ubuso besifazane obuveza izimfumbe abafayo kubahambi. Enguqulweni yayo yesiGreki, ihlanganisa ukudalelwa; e-Egypt, nokho, kuvame ukumelelwa njengowesilisa nokuvikela, uphawu lwamandla nomqaphi wamathempeli.

Isivunguvungu: kukhulu, neminwe egcina phakathi amakhanda kadrako nemilenze yenyoka, ebhekwa njengoyise wezilo ezinjengeCerberus, Hydra, neSphinx. Igama lakhe lidale igama lesimo sezulu leziphepho ezinyakazayo e-Indian Ocean.

AmaSirenas: Endulo babenezici zezinyoni nabesifazane futhi Baloya amatilosi ngokucula kwaboNgokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfanekiso wayo onomsila wezinhlanzi waduma; i-etymology yayo yesiGreki ihlotshaniswa nokubopha nokungabophi, kanye nokupela kwayo kwezwi kulabo abakuzwayo.

IMinotaur: umzimba womuntu kanye nekhanda lenkunzi, ikhiyiwe ku-labyrinth kaDaedalus eKnossos, wadla intsha yase-Athene kwaze kwaba yilapho uTheus emhlula ngenxa yentambo ka-Ariadne.

U-Onocentaur: isihlobo se-centaur, nengxenye engezansi yembongolo, ebhekwa njengophawu lwenkanuko yamadoda futhi evame ukuvezwa ngezilimi ezimbili.

I-Ophiotaurus: inkunzi emnyama nge umsila wenyoka, ehlotshaniswa nomlaza we-Taurus namasiko mayelana namandla ayo omhlatshelo.

I-Ortro: inja enamakhanda amabili, umfowabo kaCerberus, umgadi wezinkomo ezibomvu zaseGeryon ku-Erythea; wawela ezandleni zikaHercules, imicibisholo yakhe yayinoshevu ngegazi leHydra.

Escila: kusuka ku-nymph kuya esilwaneni sasolwandle, ngomzimba wesifazane kanye nezinja eziphuma okhalweni lwakhe noma amakhanda amaningi esilo; ukukhala kwayo kwakufana nokukhala kwenja. Isiko liyibeka eStrait of Messina futhi ekugcineni iguqule ibe yidwala.

Ama-Telchines: izelamani eziyisishiyagalolunye ezinamakhanda ezinja namaphiko esikhundleni sezandla, abenzi bezikhali ezithathu nezikhali zaphezulu, izakhamuzi zokuqala zaseRhodes ngokwenganekwane.

Empusa: isidalwa sezinganekwane esatshwa njenge odla abantu noma ophuza igazi, ehlobene noLamia; igama laso liye laphefumulela amagama esayensi wezithwalambiza nezinye izinambuzane ezibukeka ziphazamisa.

umsunu: ubuso bomuntu, umzimba webhubesi kanye umsila wofezela odubula izintini buqamama, ngokwe-etymologically exhunywe nencazelo yomuntu odla abantu; yatholakala emahlathini aseNdiya inemigqa emithathu yamazinyo.

Izilwane zezinganekwane zamaRoma

I-Striga: inyoni ye-vampiric nge amaphiko afana nelulwane namehlo aphuzi Imunca igazi ngoqhwaku; inomuzwa obukhali wokuhogela nokubona, ihlasela ngokungaphezi ize isiqede amandla isisulu sayo bese ilala ngemva kokuyincelisa, lapho abazingeli bengayidubula.

I-Gargoyles: Inganekwane yayo yangenkathi ephakathi ikhuluma ngodrako uGargouille owathambisa usanta, ogama lakhe likhumbula ukugobhoza kwamanziEsikhathini samaGothic, asungulwa njengama-gargoy ezakhiwo akhipha imvula njengomsele futhi, kule nqubo, axosha imimoya emibi.

I-Unicorn: ihhashi elimhlophe elinophondo lwangaphambili lokuthi kufanele izakhiwo zokulwa nobuthiUkuthunjwa kwakungenzeka ngentombi nto; izingcezu eziningi zenkathi ephakathi empeleni kwakungamazinyo e-narwhal, kuyilapho okungenzeka ukuthi uzakwabo wasemhlabeni ukhomba obhejane baseNdiya.

Pegasus: ihhashi elinamaphiko elizalwa egazini likaMedusa elithathwe uPerseus, ehambisana noZeus nomqaphi wemisebe yawo; uphawu logqozi nokuphakama phakathi konkulunkulu namaqhawe.

I-Fénix: inyoni engafiyo evutha futhi izalwe kabusha emlotheni wayo, ngezinyembezi eziphilisayo kanye namandla omliloUmjikelezo wayo wokufa nokuzalwa kabusha wakusungula njengesingathekiso sokuqina kusiko lwakudala kanye nakamuva.

Phakathi kwenganekwane neqiniso: i-cryptozoology nezidalwa ezikhuthaza izinganekwane

I-Cryptozoology ifunda ngezilwane ezifihliwe noma ezidumile futhi ifuna isisekelo sayo ezinhlotsheni zangempela. Imisebenzi edumile efana ne-Cryptozoology: Monster Hunters ka-Rafael Alemañ Berenguer noma i-The Great Book of Cryptozoology ka-David Heylen, u-Gustavo Sánchez, kanye no-José Gregorio González bahlola le ndawo emincane.

Kule mpambana-mgwaqo kuvela lokho okubizwa ngezilwane ezingabonakali: ingwe yaseTasmania, i-megalodon, i-mermaids, i-squid enkulu, inyathi emhlophe, i-dodo, ne-unicorn—ingxube yezidalwa ezingasekho, ezifihlekile nezingokwezinganekwane ezihlala emasikweni athandwayo. Izazi zemvelo ezifana no-Jordi Serrallonga zikhulume ngomngcele phakathi kwenganekwane, impilo, ukushabalala, kanye nokuqedwa kwezingxoxo ezithandwayo.

Ama-mermaids nama-manateeUhambo olude, ukukhathala, nenkungu kungenzeka kwaholela amatilosi ukuba enze amaphutha ama-manatee njengabesifazane basolwandle; ama-akhawunti wamatilosi anjengoColumbus aqopha ukubonwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezichazwa namuhla ngokucabangela lezi zilwane ezincelisayo.

I-Phoenix ne-Turritopsis: Nakuba ingekho inyoni engavuswa emalangabini, i-jellyfish Turritopsis nutricula ingahlehlisa umjikelezo wayo wokuphila, into eseduze kakhulu nokuzalwa kabusha kwebhayoloji eyaziwayo.

Ama-unicorn, obhejane nama-narwhals: ukuba khona kophondo olungaphambili kobhejane kanye nokujikeleza kwamazinyo e-narwhal bondla inkolelo Emakhulwini eminyaka, lezi zimpondo zazithengiswa njengezimpondo zangempela ze-unicorn eYurophu ephakathi.

I-Cerberus ne-polycephaly: Ukuba khona kwamawele e-Siamese noma ukukhubazeka kwe-cranial ezilwaneni kuchaza izimo ezingavamile ikhanda eliphindwe kabili noma kathathu, inkomba encane yemvelo yenganekwane yenja enamakhanda amathathu.

I-Kraken ne-giant squid: Namuhla siyazi ukuthi i-Architeuthis dux ifinyelela ubude be-10 kuya ku-13 amamitha; Ngeke kuxake uma amatilosi asendulo Bazoguqula ukuhlangana nama-cephalopod amakhulu kube izinganekwane zeziqhingi eziphilayo ezinamathente amakhulu.

Dragons nezinsalela: amathambo ezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zangaphambi komlando ahunyushwa ngokuthi udrako uhlala e-China, iqinisa ukuba khona kwayo okuzuzisayo emasikweni ase-Asia.

I-Qilin nezindlulamithi: izindlulamithi ezilethwa e-Afrika zayiswa e-Asia kungenzeka ukuthi zakhuthaza i-qilin, ukuba nenhlanhla ngezinye izikhathi kuchazwa ngokuthi inyamazane noma ihhashi elinezikali nezimpondo; ngesi-Korean nesi-Japanese amagama endlulamithi kanye ne-qilin ayagqagqana ekusetshenzisweni kwesimanjemanje.

Phakathi kwama-cryptids esimanje, okulandelayo kuyagqama: Yeti, Bigfoot, Chupacabra, Jersey Devil, mothman, yowie, yeren, noma puckwudgie. Ezinye izimo ziye zasuka ekusolweni zaya kwezesayensi, njenge-okapi noma ingwane enkulukazi; kukhona futhi amanga adumile, kusukela eCardiff Giant kuya ku-Piltdown Man, kuyilapho izingcezu zangempela ezifana ne-platypus noma imidwebo ye-Altamira. zazibhalwe njengezingamanga ekutholakaleni kwayo. Ngisho ne-Flying Spaghetti Monster yazalwa, ngethoni ye-satirical. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusesha kokuphila kwangaphandle komhlaba kuzungeza i-exobiology phakathi kwesayensi nokuqagela.

Izinganekwane zaseSpain

Cuélebre: inyoka noma udrako wesiko lase-Asturian, embozwe ngezikali kanye nohlezi emhumeni, imifula, namachibi. Iqapha ingcebo namakhona ayimfihlo futhi ifuna inhlonipho kulabo abasondela endaweni yayo.

Urco: Isidalwa saseCantabrian esinomumo we inja enkulu futhi enolaka, ehlotshaniswa nokugcinwa kwengcebo efihliwe, ehlobene nokusebenza kwabanye abaqaphi basenganekwaneni basenyakatho-ntshonalanga yenhlonhlo.

Izilwane zasezinganekwaneni zaseNorse

Fenrir: impisi enkulu ebizwe ukuthi ikhululwe eRagnarök, ekhipha isiphithiphithi ekupheleni kwesikhathi, isitha esifungelwe sonkulunkulu bakwa-Aesir kanye nocezu olubalulekile lwesiphetho se-cosmic.

I-Níðhöggr: udrako noma inyoka edlayo izimpande ze-Yggdrasil, isihlahla esikhulu somhlaba; umsebenzi wayo odlayo uxhumene nezwe elingaphansi kanye nokuhlakazeka okwandulela inhlekelele yokugcina.

Kraken: i-monster yasolwandle ehamba ogwini lwaseNorway nase-Iceland, ekwazi ukucwilisa imikhumbi namathente ayo; Ngemuva kwemvelo, kuvela ama-squid amakhulu e-deep-sea alingana nezincazelo eziningi.

I-Jörmundgander: Inyoka yaseMidgard, indodakazi kaLoki, iphonswe olwandle ngu-Odin kuze kube wamukele Umhlaba ngomzimba wakhoE-Ragnarök ufaka ushevu ezulwini futhi ubulawa nguThor, owa ngemuva kokuthatha izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye ngenxa yomphumela wobuthi.

inganekwane Scottish

Brownies: izidudla zendlu encane zinjalo ama-nisser lolo sizo ebusuku ngenza umsebenzi wasendlini esikhundleni sokudla, bathukuthele uma umsebenzi wabo ugxekwa; eScotland bangahlala ezimpophomeni nasemifudlaneni.

Ama-Selkies: ama-seal okuthi uma besusa isikhumba sabo sibe abesifazane abakhangayo noma amadodaIzindaba zabo zivame ukudabukisa: ukweba uboya, imishado ngempoqo, nokulangazelela ulwandle okubaphoqa ukuba babuye; kunezinguqulo zesilisa eziyenga abesifazane abangajabuli.

I-Caoineag: umoya wamanzi kabani Ukukhala ebusuku kubikezela ishwa noma ukufa emndenini; kuthiwa kuzwakala ngaphambi kwesibhicongo saseGlencoe.

Cat Sith: ikati elimnyama elinebala elimhlophe esifubeni, elikwaziyo weba umphefumulo womuntu oshonile uma egxumela isidumbu ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa; ngezinye izikhathi uhlotshaniswa nabathakathi asebephothule uguquko lwabo lwesishiyagalolunye.

Cù Sith: Inja yenganekwane yase-Hebridean, isithunywa sokufa ukuklewula okuthathu kufanekisela ukuphela; oyizwayo makazivikele phambi kowesithathu.

UKelpie: ihhashi lasemanzini elingase libukeke indoda enhle noma ihhashiUma uyigibele futhi usondela emanzini, isikhumba sayo siyanamathela futhi sikudonsele phansi, kusale isibindi sakho kuphela.

Ghillie Dhu: inganekwane enamahloni, umnakekeli wamabhishi, egqoke amahlamvu nobulembu, inomusa ezinganeni ngokwendabuko yaseScotland yasenyakatho-ntshonalanga.

Nessie: isilo sase-Loch Ness, esikhuluma ngaso kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi Ephakeme, iphenduke isithonjana sezivakashi; ubufakazi bayo buhlala buyimpikiswano futhi isimo saso siye sahlukahluka kwaze kwaba yilapho simiswa esilwaneni esikhulu esihuquzelayo sasemanzini.

I-Nuckelavee: Orkney sea centaur, abanonya futhi abangenasikhumba, enemithambo ephuzi negazi elimnyama elibonakalayo neso elilodwa elikhazimulayo; ubalekela amanzi ahlanzekile.

I-Wulver: impisi ene-silhouette yomuntu, angabi nolaka ngaphandle kokuba ecasukile, othanda ukudoba kanye nezenzo ezibonisa umusa emindenini empofu.

Ingabe-o-the-wisp: uzo-o'-the-wisps lokho udukisa abahambi emaxhaphozini, abonwa njengemimoya noma amabika; odumile kwezemibhalo namafilimu.

Blue Men of the Minch: izidalwa eziluhlaza ezibhukuda njengezimvu zamanzi kanye Bakha iziphepho zokugumbuqela imikhumbi endleleni ewumngcingo phakathi kweNyakatho Highlands kanye noLewis noHarris.

Izidalwa zasolwandle emasikweni ahlukene

ILeviyathani: ekufundweni kwayo kwebhayibheli nasolwandle umkhomo omkhulu noma inyoka enkulukazi ekwazi ukukhiqiza ama-whirlpools agwinya yonke imikhumbi; futhi uphawu lwesiphithiphithi sakudala.

Moby Dick: umkhomo omkhulu omhlophe ovela encwadini kaHerman Melville, yaphenduka inganekwane yesimanje wokuthatheka kanye nokuzabalaza okungaqondakali olwandle oludotshwa imikhomo.

I-Pulley: Isidalwa samaHindu ingxenye yasemhlabeni, ingxenye yasemanzini, intaba yaphezulu yeGanges neVaruna, kanye nesibonakaliso sophawu lwe-Capricorn ku-Vedic astrology.

I-Hippocampus: ihhashi lasolwandle nge umsila wenhlanzi, ehlotshaniswa ne-Poseidon kanye nokuhlenga amatilosi asosizini; umuntu ophindayo ezinkondlweni ezidumile zama-classic.

Umbozu: Umoya wasolwandle waseJapane lowo iketula imikhumbi, ucela umgqomo wokubaminzisa ngamanzi abo futhi ukhohliswa nje ngokunikwa owangenasiphelo; exhumene nemiphefumulo ngaphandle kokunakekelwa komngcwabo.

UHydra kaLerna y AmaSirenas: njengezilo zasemanzini zamaGreki zivala indilinga yezidalwa zasolwandle, phakathi kwamakhanda andayo nezingoma ezigxeka labo abathembela kakhulu.

Inganekwane njengophawu: ifilosofi, ubuciko namasiko athandwayo

Izazi zefilosofi zasendulo zabona ezinganekwaneni ulimi olungokomfanekiso ukuveza amaqiniso angapheli. I-Pre-Socrates, i-Pico della Mirandola, ne-Creuzer yavikela ukubaluleka kwezimpawu, futhi ongqondongqondo abafana no-Helena Blavatsky bakhuluma ngesiko elimboziwe elihlanganisa izinkathi.

Ngakho, izilwane zasenganekwaneni zifinyeza amanani: impisi njengomqaphi weqhawe, indlovu njengokuzinza nokuhlakanipha kwaphezulu, ingonyama njengamandla abhubhisa futhi aphulukise emfanekisweni weSekhmet kanye nomthetho wemvelo wembangela nomphumela.

I-sphinx Ibeka izivivinyo zobuhlakani ezisivumela ukuba sibambe kahle isilo sethu sangaphakathi; uMinotaur imele i-labyrinth yezinkanuko okufanele zinqotshwe ngesibindi nokuqondisa; ukhozi lukaPrometheus, elihlukaniselwe iLanga, lishwabadela isibindi njengomfanekiso womzabalazo wansuku zonke wengxenye engenhla yomuntu ngokumelene nezifiso nokweqisa okuvela kabusha.

Ubuciko kanye nenganekwane yesimanje bekuyilabhorethri yezidalwa: kusukela ku-bestiary yasendulo kuya ku-heraldry, kusukela ku-JRR Tolkien no-CS Lewis kuya ku-Michael Ende no-JK Rowling, kusukela ku-cinema yamaphupho kuya emidlalweni yokulingisa efana ne-Dungeons and Dragons noma imidlalo yamavidiyo amnandi. U-Borges wahlanganisa imanyuwali engalibaleki encwadini ethi The Book of Imaginary Beings kanye no-Umberto Eco ebonisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezobuciko benkathi ephakathi kumanoveli nasezindabeni ezifana ne-Baudolino, Umlando Wobuhle kanye Nomlando Wokubi.

Ekugcineni, Izilwane zenganekwane nesayensi zabelana ngomngcele ovulekileAbanye bazalwa emathanjeni angaqondwa kahle, abanye ngenxa yokwesaba olwandle, abaningi ngenxa yokulangazelela nezimpawu. Futhi zonke zikhuluma ngathi, ngendlela esisho ngayo lokho esingakuqondi ukuze sikuqonde kangcono.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe lokho Lezi zidalwa, kusukela eGrisi kuya eScotland futhi kusukela eRoma kuya e-AsiaAsebenza njengamamephu omphefumulo namasiko: achaza izenzakalo zemvelo, afundisa ngokuziphatha, axwayise ngezingozi, noma aduduze ngezithembiso zokuzalwa kabusha. Kusukela ku-cuélebre kuya ku-kraken, kusukela ku-qilin kuya ku-wulver, kusukela ku-unicorn kuya ku-phoenix, ukuhlobana kwabo kuhlala kuqinile ngoba ngaphakathi kwendaba ngayinye kukhona umbuzo womuntu ongunaphakade wemfihlakalo nencazelo.