Isiko lesiBasque: Ulimi lwesiBasque, inkumbulo kanye nempilo yamasiko

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Isiko lesiBasque kanye nolimi lwesiBasque kwakha umbhangqwana ongenakuhlukaniswa. esisinde amakhulu eminyaka oshintsho, ukufuduka, kanye nezingcindezi zangaphandle. Behamba phakathi kwamasiko kanye nesimanje, abantu baseBasque bahlanganise ulimi lwabo ngendlela yabo yokuqonda umhlaba, bevulekele ukushintshana namanye amasiko futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, bagxile kakhulu endaweni yabo kanye nenkumbulo yabo.

Namuhla, ukukhuluma “ngesiko laseBasque” kukhuluma ngesimiso sezinto eziphilayo okuhlanganisa izincwadi, umculo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, amafilimu, ukudla, imikhosi ethandwayo, imfundo, izingobo zomlando, kanye nabantu abangaphandle. Kusukela emakilasini kanye nase-euskaltegis (izikole zolimi lwesiBasque) kuya ezigcawini zasemadolobheni lapho i-bertsolaris (izimbongi ze-Basque eziqanjiwe) zidlala khona, kanye nasezingobo zomlando ezigcina iminonjana yesiBasque kusukela emakhulwini eminyaka adlule kuya emizamweni yamahhala eku-inthanethi, ulimi lwesiBasque luyaqhubeka nokukhula nokuxhumanisa abantu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe laseBasque.

Isiko laseBasque: ifa elihlanganyelwe eYurophu

IYurophu iyinhlanganisela yezilimi namasiko Isithelo samakhulu eminyaka okuhlangana, ukufuduka, kanye nethonya elihambisanayo. Kule ndawo ehlukahlukene, isiBasque sithatha indawo eyingqayizivele: siwulimi lwasendulo, olungenabo ubuhlobo obuqinisekisiwe nanoma yiluphi olunye ulimi lwaseYurophu lwamanje, oluye lwasinda luzungezwe izilimi zase-Indo-European futhi namuhla olubizwa ngokuthi luyigugu eliyisisekelo lefa laseYurophu.

I-BASQUE iziveza njenge "zwe laseBasque" elenziwe ifasitela ledijithaliIpulatifomu ebonisa ukudalwa kwesimanje kwesiBasque ngomculo, umdanso, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, amafilimu, izincwadi, ubuciko obubonakalayo, kanye nolimi lwaso. Akuyona nje indawo yokubonisa, kodwa futhi yindawo yokuhlangana eyakha amabhuloho phakathi kwama-ejenti amasiko, izilaleli ezahlukahlukene, kanye namanye amasiko, okukhuthaza ingxoxo kanye nokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.

Isiko elivezwa ngesiBasque aligcini nje ngokudliwa nje kuphelaKunalokho, kuqhutshwa abantu abahlanganyela ngenkuthalo: abaculi, abadali, izinhlangano, i-euskal etxeak (izikhungo zaseBasque), imikhosi, i-bertsolaris (izimbongi zaseBasque eziqanjiwe), amaqembu omdanso kanye nezinkulungwane zabalandeli abagcina lesi siko siphila ngenkathi besixuba nethonya lomhlaba wonke elivela ku-rock, i-funk, i-jazz, umculo we-elekthronikhi noma ubuciko bokubukwa.

Ukusabalala kwamadolobha, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, kanye nokuhwebelana ngamasiko Lokhu kuxhumana kuye kwaqiniswa: IsiBasque sizwakala emadolobheni asemakhaya kanye nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni, emanyuvesi angaphandle, nasezikhungweni zamasiko zabantu abangaphandle. Kunokuba ulimi lube ulimi oluthathelwe indawo esikhathini esidlule, selube yindlela yokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuciko kanye nophawu lokuhlukahluka kwesimanje kwaseYurophu.

Enhliziyweni yesiko laseBasque: inkumbulo eqhubekayo

Ingqikithi yesiko lesiBasque ihlelwe ngolimi lwesiBasque (i-euskera).Kodwa indlela ebonakala ngayo inezinhlangothi eziningi futhi iyashintshashintsha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu baseBasque baye bathola ithonya elivela ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane kanye nomhlaba wonke, balihlanganisa nemikhuba yabo yamasiko. Umphumela uba “inkumbulo eqhubekayo”: isiko elizivuselela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yingqikithi yalo.

Kude kakhulu nombono ohlukile wesiko lendabuko kuphelaImpilo yamasiko aseBasque ihlanganisa konke kusukela ku-bertsolaritza (ivesi eliqanjiwe laseBasque) kuya kuma-cinema e-auteur, kusukela emaqenjini emidlalo yeshashalazi azimele kuya kumaqembu e-rock aseBasque, kusukela emaqenjini emikhosi kuya kwezobuciko besimanje. Eminingi yale mikhuba isalokhu ihlanganyela ngokujulile: umphakathi awugcini nje ngokuba umbukeli, kodwa futhi ungumlingiswa oyinhloko.

Umculo umkhakha oveza kakhulu le nhlanganisela phakathi kwefa kanye nesimanje.Baqhubeka nokucula i-cappella ngezingoma zendabuko, kodwa futhi baqamba izingoma ngesiBasque ezinezigqi ze-rock, i-funk, i-jazz, umculo wesiLatini, i-electronica, noma i-hip hop. Ulimi lusebenza njengentambo evamile phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuveza ezivela ezikhathini ezahlukene nezitayela.

I-Bertsolaritza mhlawumbe iyisibonelo esiphawuleka kakhulu Uhlamvu lwayo oluqhakazile lulele ekuqanjweni kwamavesi ngesiBasque kulandela izakhiwo ezithile ze-metric, umkhuba onezimpande zasemakhaya osusakazeke kakhulu ezimweni zasemadolobheni kanye nentsha. Namuhla, imiqhudelwano ye-bertsolari igcwalisa izindawo, abadlali bayo bayizinkanyezi zangempela zendawo, futhi kwabanye, sekuwumsebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwengxenye ethandwayo, kukhona futhi ungqimba olunamandla lochwepheshe. ngaphakathi kwesiko laseBasque: ababhali abaphila ngomsebenzi wabo, izinkampani zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezisunguliwe, abenzi bamafilimu abadumile, abaculi abadumile emhlabeni wonke, kanye nabaculi ababonakalayo abadalwe ngesiBasque (noma abaxhumene nayo) bajikeleza ngemikhosi, iminyuziyamu, kanye nezifunda emhlabeni jikelele.

IsiBasque njengolimi lwasendulo kanye nophawu lobunikazi

Ngokombono wolimi, isiBasque siwulimi oluhlukile.Ayinazo izihlobo ezaziwayo eziphilayo futhi akukho mvelaphi efanayo elandelwe kwezinye izilimi zaseYurophu. Eqinisweni, ibhekwa njengolimi oludala kakhulu eYurophu olusasetshenziswa, futhi imvelaphi yalo isalokhu iyimfihlakalo ngisho nasemphakathini ocwaningayo okhethekile.

Eminyakeni engaba ngu-3.000 edlule yabelana ngendawo nezinye izilimi ezingezona ezase-Indo-EuropeanKodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokufuduka, lezo zilimi zanyamalala. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izilimi zase-Indo-European (isiJalimane, isiRomance, isiSlavic, njll.) zasakazeka cishe kulo lonke izwekazi, okwashiya isiBasque njengobufakazi obuphilayo besigaba sangaphambilini sezilimi.

Kuwo wonke umlando walo, ulimi lwesiBasque luye lwabhekana nezikhathi zokucindezelwa. lapho yahlukunyezwa khona noma yehliswa ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhungo. Naphezu kwalokhu, yagcinwa ngenxa yokudluliselwa komndeni, ukunamathela kwemiphakathi yasemakhaya, kanye nemizamo yezizukulwane ezaqhubeka nokukhuluma ngayo ekhaya, emgwaqweni, nasempilweni yansuku zonke, ngisho nalapho ingavikelwe ngumthetho.

Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kube nenqubo yokuvuselela enamandla kakhuluIqhutshwa yizinhlangano zomphakathi, izikhungo zemfundo, izinhlelo zokulungisa ulimi, kanye nenethiwekhi enkulu ye-euskaltegis (izikole zolimi lwesiBasque), isiBasque manje sesiwulimi olusemthethweni engxenyeni enkulu yezwe laseBasque. Sikhona ohlelweni lwezemfundo, kwabezindaba, kuhulumeni, nasemhlabeni wedijithali, futhi sibhekwa njengophawu lobunikazi obuhlangene kanye nokuziqhenya ngamasiko.

Ngaphezu nje kwendlela yokuxhumana, isiBasque siwuchungechunge oluthinta imizwa nolungokomfanekiso. Ixhumanisa abantu nomlando wabo, izinganekwane zabo, izingoma zabo, amasiko abo, kanye nendlela yabo ehlukile yokubona umhlaba. Ukuwufunda noma ukuwugcina uphila akugcini nje ngokuba wusizo olusebenzayo, kodwa futhi kunenani elingokomzwelo nelomphakathi.

Izincwadi zesiBasque nokubhala okuqanjiwe ngesiBasque

Izincwadi zesiBasque zidlula esikhathini esivundile kakhuluAbabhali baphumelele ekuletheni lolu limi kubafundi emhlabeni wonke, ngenxa yokuhumusha kanye nokuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Ababhali abanjengoBernardo Atxaga no-Arantxa Urretabizkaia bavule indlela, futhi namuhla isizukulwane esisha sihlanganisa lelo fa.

Amagama afana no-Eider Rodríguez, u-Kirmen Uribe noma u-Harkaitz Cano Baphakathi kwamazwi avelele kakhulu kulesi sizukulwane esisha. Imisebenzi yabo ihlola izingqikithi zesimanje, ihlanganisa izinhlobo zezincwadi, futhi izama izindlela zokulandisa, okubonisa ukuthi isiBasque siyakwazi ngokuphelele ukubhekana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezincwadi, kusukela kumanoveli asezindaweni zasemadolobheni kuya ezinkondlweni eziseduze kakhulu.

Amavesi aqanjiwe e-bertsolaris ayaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile kokubili emasikweni abhaliwe nakhulunywa ngomlomo. Nakuba indawo yayo yemvelo iyisiteji, ithonya layo ekuqondeni ulimi lwezinkondlo ngesiBasque likhulu kakhulu. Inhlanganisela yezincwadi ezibhaliwe namasiko akhulunywa ngomlomo idala indawo eyingqayizivele, lapho okhokho kanye nabanamuhla behlangana khona njalo.

Emkhakheni wocwaningo nokulondolozwa kwenkumbulo ebhaliwe Kukhona nomsebenzi okhulayo. Imibhalo yokuqala equkethe isiBasque iyafundwa, imibhalo yesandla, izinguqulo, izincwadi, kanye nemibhalo yokuphatha iyahlaziywa, futhi ukuba khona komlando kwalolu limi kuyakhiwa kabusha, ngisho nasezimweni lapho kwakungelona ulimi oluyinhloko lokubhala.

Umculo, imikhosi namasiko: IsiBasque empilweni yansuku zonke

Umculo ngesiBasque ubonisa ngokucacile amandla amasiko Kusuka eBasque Country kanye nokuhlakazeka kwayo. Amaqembu anjengoBerri Txarrak noma uKen Zazpi asize ekwenzeni lolu limi luthandwe phakathi kwentsha, ehlanganisa amagama esiBasque nemisindo ye-rock, i-pop noma ehlukile futhi eqa imingcele yezwe.

Uhlu lomculo lubanzi kakhulu: kusukela emculweni wesintu kuya emculweni wasemadolobheniIsiBasque singazwakala ezingomeni zendabuko ze-cappella, ezingcezwini ze-jazz, ezihlanganisweni ezinezigqi zesiLatini, kumaphrojekthi e-trap noma e-reggaeton, ngisho nasezivivinyweni zomculo we-elekthronikhi. Ulimi luvumelana kalula nanoma yisiphi isitayela, lugcina umsindo walo ohlukile.

Imikhosi emikhulu ethandwayo isebenza njengombukiso okhethekile ngokuxhumana phakathi kweBasque namasiko. Imikhosi efana neSemana Grande yaseBilbao (Aste Nagusia), i-tamborrada yaseDonostia, imikhosi yaseLa Blanca eVitoria-Gasteiz noma umkhosi waseSan Fermín ePamplona ikhombisa umphakathi ohlabelelayo, odansa futhi ogubha ngesiBasque, ohlanganisa ama-peña, amakhonsathi, imisebenzi yabantwana, ama-compars kanye nemicimbi yamasiko.

Isiko lokupheka laseBasque liphinde lihlanganiswe nolimi lwesiBasque.Izitsha ezifanekisela njenge-porrusalda, i-marmitako noma i-txangurro zigcina amagama azo olimini lokuqala, futhi izinkulumo eziningi ezivela ezindlini ze-cider, amaqembu noma imiphakathi yokudla zikhiqizwa ngesiBasque, endaweni lapho ukudla, ubungane kanye nobunikazi bezilimi kuxubene khona.

Imicimbi yamasiko, i-ajenda kanye nempilo yobuciko ngesiBasque

Indawo yonke "yesiko lamaBasque" isekelwa uhlelo olujulile lwamasiko Kusakazeke kulo lonke isifunda: ukuboniswa kwamafilimu, izinkulumo, ukuboniswa kokuqala kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini, uchungechunge lwesayensi namasiko, izinkumbulo, izingxoxo zezincwadi, nokunye okuningi. Lolu hlelo olusekelwe kahle luvumela umphakathi ukuthi uzwe isiBasque ngale kwegumbi lokufundela.

Emkhakheni wezindaba zamafilimu nezokubonwayo, amaseshini ahlelwa ngesiBasque. noma amafilimu ahlobene namasiko aseBasque ezindaweni ezifana neKurtzio Kultur Etxea eSopela, Golem Baiona ePamplona/Iruña, noma izikhungo zamasiko eDonostia. Uchungechunge olufana ne-"Cinema and Science" luletha imisebenzi yombhali, amafilimu akudala, noma amafilimu anezihloko emphakathini ngezinkulumo nezingxoxo.

Ukunikezwa kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini ngesiBasque kubanzi ngokulinganayongemisebenzi esukela ekuqanjweni kwamahlaya kuya emikhiqizweni yedrama kanye nezingcezu zokuhlola. Izindawo ezifana neKultur Leioa, i-Okendo Cultural Center, amathiyetha aseLugaritz, kanye namathiyetha emadolobheni amancane zibamba imidlalo yokuqala, izinkambo zenkampani, kanye nochungechunge oluthile olunikezelwe endaweni yethiyetha yaseBasque.

Uhlelo luhlanganisa nezinkulumo nezingxoxo nababhaliUkuhlangana okufana nalokho okubonisa uBernardo Atxaga noJoseba Apaolaza (isibonelo, ngeziphakamiso ezifana ne-“Enarak”) kuvumela umphakathi ukuthi uxoxe nabantu abaphambili ezincwadini zaseBasque, ufunde ngezinqubo zabo zokudala, futhi ujule kakhulu ebuhlotsheni obuphakathi kolimi, indawo, kanye nobunikazi.

Ngezimpelasonto, uhlelo lwamasiko luyaqina Ngemidlalo yaseshashalazini, ukubukiswa kwamafilimu, ukufundwa kwezinkondlo, kanye namaphrojekthi afana ne-“Poetika” ahlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwemikhakha yobuciko ehlukene, isiBasque asigcini nje ekilasini: singazwakala eziteji, emigwaqweni yemyuziyamu, ezikhungweni zedolobha zomlando, kanye nasezikhungweni zomphakathi.

UKorrika kanye nebutho lomphakathi basekela iBasque

IKorrika ivelele phakathi kwemicimbi emikhulu esekela ulimi lwesiBasque.Kungumjaho odumile owela iBasque Country imini nobusuku izinsuku eziningana zilandelana. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lwayo lwama-24, umzila uqala e-Atharratze (eZuberoa) bese uphela eBilbao, udlula ezifundeni, emadolobheni nasemadolobheni kanye nezinkulungwane zabantu.

I-Korrika akuyona nje umdlalo, ingumcimbi omkhulu wamasiko ukusekela ulimi. Izinhlangano, izikole, izikole zolimi lwesiBasque, izinkampani, izikhungo namaqembu azo zonke izinhlobo azihlela ukuze aqhube izigaba, aphathe induku engokomfanekiso, ahlele imicimbi efanayo, amakhonsathi noma imisebenzi yokuqwashisa ngolimi.

Izikhungo zaseBasque zabantu abangaphandle kwezwe nazo zihilelekile kuhlelo ngalunyeKusukela ezikhungweni zaseBasque ezisakazeke kulo lonke elaseMelika, eYurophu, nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ukuhlanganyela okungokomfanekiso, ukuthengwa kwamakhilomitha, ukuhlelwa kwemicimbi, kanye nokusatshalaliswa komyalezo kuyahlanganiswa. Ngakho-ke iKorrika isebenza njengebhuloho elithinta ngokomzwelo phakathi kwalabo abahlala eZweni laseBasque nalabo abagcina ulimi lwesiBasque bekude.

Izinhlelo ezifana neKorrika zijoyina uhlu olude lwemikhankaso namaphrojekthi ezifuna ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kolimi: izinhlelo zokucwilisa, amasonto amasiko, imicimbi yaseyunivesithi, imisebenzi yezokuxhumana noma amaphrojekthi athile obuciko agxile kakhulu eBasque.

Ukuqhubeka kanye nempumelelo yalezi zinhlelo kubonisa ukuzibophezela komphakathi Ngolimi, kudlulela ngale kwezinqubomgomo zomphakathi: izinkulungwane zezisebenzi zokuzithandela, amaqembu, imindeni kanye nentsha ziyabandakanyeka minyaka yonke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iBasque itholakala ngempela emigwaqweni, emasikweni kanye nasempilweni yansuku zonke.

Ukuhlakazeka kweBasque kanye nokuqagela kwamazwe ngamazwe kolimi lwesiBasque

Isiko laseBasque alihlali ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomlando ye-Euskal HerriaAbantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe badlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozweni nasekusakazweni kweBasque, kanye nezikhungo zaseBasque (euskal etxeak) ezihlela imisebenzi yamasiko, amakilasi olimi, umdanso, ukudla kanye nemibuthano yomphakathi emazweni amaningi.

Izibonelo ezingokoqobo zibonisa leli qinisoIsikhungo saseBasque iGure Txokoa e-Azul, e-Argentina, sigubhe iminyaka engama-32 sasungulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nomunye wabasunguli baso, u-Alicia Nélida Barbería Zarçabal, egubha iminyaka eyi-100. Impilo yakhe ihlanganisa inkumbulo ephilayo yesikhungo esigcine isiko nolimi lwesiBasque luphila izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka eBasque Country.

Emadolobheni afana neSan Nicolás, nase-ArgentinaIzinhlelo zokucwilisa zasehlobo zihlelwe ukuze kujuliswe ukufunda isiBasque. Izinhlelo ezifana ne-Euskara Munduan, ezikhuthazwa ngokusekelwa yizinhlangano ezifana ne-FEVA kanye ne-Etxepare Basque Institute, zihlanganisa abafundi kanye nothisha besikhathi esizayo (irakasle) abazilungiselela ngokuhlangana okukhulu kanye nokuzijwayeza ulimi.

I-Diaspora yandisa ithonya layo nakwamanye amazwe aseMelika nasemhlabeni jikelele.Imibuzo nezidingo zivela ezindaweni ezifana neHavana, iMontevideo, iSalto (Uruguay), iGuadalajara (Mexico) noma iQuito (Ecuador), lapho imindeni nezizukulwane zamaBasque zifuna khona amakilasi olimi lwesiBasque, ulwazi mayelana nezikhungo zaseBasque noma izifundo zobuso nobuso neze-inthanethi zamadodana namadodakazi abo.

Imiphakathi yaseBasque kwamanye amazwe ithembele kumanethiwekhi edijithali ukuxhumanisa izifundo, ukwabelana ngezinto zokwakha, ukuncoma amawebhusayithi, izincwadi, amavidiyo okuqeqesha, noma amapulatifomu okuzijwayeza izingxoxo. Ngakho-ke, iBasque ayincikile kuphela endaweni ebonakalayo: ihamba ngamanethiwekhi omphakathi, izingcingo zevidiyo, kanye namaphrojekthi okubambisana emhlabeni jikelele.

IsiBasque ezinqolobaneni kanye nenkumbulo yomlando

Isimo somlando solimi lwezenhlalo sichaza ukuthi kungani kunemibhalo embalwa kangaka ephelele ngesiBasque. Ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu lama-20. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, izilimi zokuphatha, ubulungiswa noma iSonto zazivame ukuba isiLatini, isiCastilian noma isiFulentshi, kuye ngesikhathi nendawo, kuyilapho isiBasque sasisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni ngomlomo.

Noma kunjalo, izinqolobane zombuso zigcina iminonjana eminingi yeBasque. emibhalweni ebhalwe ngezinye izilimi: amagama ngamanye, ukujikijelana kwemisho, amanothi aseceleni, izinkomba zokuhumusha noma ubufakazi bokuthi okuqukethwe kuchaziwe kubantu abanentshisekelo ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwezenzo.

Imibhalo eminingi yokuqala ngesiBasque itholakala emkhakheni wenkolo.Njengoba iSonto lalidinga ukuxhumana namakilasi athandwayo ngolimi lwawo, izintshumayelo, amakhathekizimu, izingoma zokukhulekela, kanye nezinto zokwalusa ziyakufakazela lokhu kusetshenziswa, yize zivame ukufakwa emaqoqweni amakhulu amadokhumenti.

Izinkomba ziphinde zivele ezinqubweni zokwahlulela, ze-notarial, kanye nezomasipala Ngokuphathelene nolimi: izitatimende zofakazi, amagama ezindawo, iziteketiso, izingcaphuno eziqondile, noma amanothi abonisa ukuhumusha phakathi kwesiBasque nolimi lwedokhumenti. Kodwa-ke, amathuluzi okuchaza umlando avame ukungacacisi ukuba khona kwesiBasque, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola lolu hlobo lwezinto.

Imibhalo egciniwe yesifundazwe saseSpain ehlukahlukene inezibonelo eziwusizo kakhuluIzingobo zomlando zeRoyal Chancery yaseValladolid ziqukethe imibhalo ebonisa isidingo sokuthumela izithunywa ezikhuluma isiBasque eBiscay, kanye namacala ahilela abantu abakhuluma isiBasque abakhuluma izilimi eziningi. Ucwaningo lwezemfundo luhlaziye la marekhodi ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha ukusetshenziswa kolimi emphakathini.

I-General Archive yaseSimancas inochungechunge oluyingqayizivele lwezincwadi zobunhloli bezempi ngesiBasque., njengalezo ezithunyelwe nguNkk. Urtubia kuJuan Velázquez de Velasco, ezifundwe ngochwepheshe. Lesi yisibonelo esiphawulekayo sokusetshenziswa kolimi okubhaliwe ezimweni zamasu neziyimfihlo.

Izimpawu zeBasque zingatholakala ku-National Historical Archive kumalayisense okunyathelisa, izinqubo zenkantolo, noma imibhalo ehlobene neMkhandlu Wenkantolo Yokuqulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, ikakhulukazi mayelana nenkantolo yaseLogroño. Nakuba ngokuvamile zingafakwa ohlwini oluqondile, ziwumthombo ocebile kakhulu wabacwaningi.

I-General Archive of the Administration igcina amarekhodi okuhlola (amafilimu, umculo, izincwadi kanye nemidlalo yeshashalazi) lapho isiBasque sivela khona ezihlokweni, emazwini ezingoma, ezikripthini noma ezincwadini. La maqoqo asiza ukuqonda indlela iziphathimandla zomphakathi ezaziphatha ngayo lolu limi ngekhulu le-19 nelama-20.

Emkhakheni wenkumbulo yomlando kanye nokunyakaza komphakathiI-Documentary Center for Historical Memory kanye ne-Historical Archive of Social Movements zombili ziphethe izinto ngesiBasque, njengemibhalo yezingxoxo nabesifazane baseBasque ezenziwe njengengxenye yocwaningo lwabesifazane kanye nolwezenhlalo. Konke lokhu kuveza isithombe esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuba khona kolimi emibhalweni esemthethweni kanye neyezishoshovu.

Ukufunda isiBasque kuphi futhi kanjani: izifundo, izinsiza kanye nemiphakathi

Ukufinyelela ekufundeni isiBasque akukaze kwande kangaka njengoba kunjalo manje.Kunezifundo zamahhala eziku-inthanethi, izinhlelo zobuso nobuso, izifundo zaseyunivesithi, amapulatifomu okuzifundela, iziteshi ze-YouTube, kanye namaphrojekthi ezingxoxo akuvumela ukuthi ufunde noma kuphi emhlabeni, ngamazinga nezindlela ezahlukene.

Phakathi kwezifundo eziku-inthanethi, izindlela ezifana ne-BOGA ziyagqama.Yakhiwe yi-HABE futhi itholakala mahhala ezikhungweni eziningi zaseBasque ngeSpanishi nesiNgisi. Amapulatifomu afana ne-Ikasten.net anikeza nezinto zokuzifundela zamahhala, ezenzelwe labo abafuna ukuthuthuka ngejubane labo.

Ezinye izinhlangano, njenge-Euskaltzaleak yase-Buenos Aires noma i-AEKBanikeza izifundo zokufunda eziku-inthanethi nezihlanganisiwe ezenzelwe amaphrofayili abafundi ahlukene. Ezinye izifundo zingaba mahhala kumalungu ezikhungo zaseBasque anganikeli izifundo zawo, uma nje zihlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile zokufaneleka ezibekwe abahleli.

I-ecosystem yedijithali ihambisana nezinsiza eziningi ezengeziweIziteshi ze-YouTube ezifana ne-Basque Lingua noma i-Easy Basque, izinto ezivela kumapulatifomu afana ne-Ikasbil (kusukela ku-HABE) ezinezivivinyo, izivivinyo zamamodeli, ama-audio, amavidiyo, amadrama omsakazo, amahlaya noma izindlela zokupheka, kanye namawebhusayithi akhethekile lapho ungaxazulula khona ukungabaza kohlelo lolimi noma lwesilulumagama.

Izinyathelo ezifana neMintzanet zikuvumela ukuthi uzijwayeze ingxoxo Ku-inthanethi nezikhulumi zaseBasque ezivolontiya ezinikeza izingxoxo ezivamile. Lokhu kuvumela abafundi abahlala kude nezwe laseBasque ukuthi bathuthukise ukukhuluma kwabo kahle endaweni yangempela neguquguqukayo, ngokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi.

Kukhona nezinhlu zemibhalo ezifana neMintzatu.com Lawa mamephu abonisa lapho kukhulunywa khona isiBasque emhlabeni wonke: abantu, amabhizinisi, izikhungo zesiBasque… ezikhuthazwa yizinhlelo ezifana ne-Azkue Foundation. Kulabo abahamba noma abahlala kwamanye amazwe, kuyindlela ewusizo yokuthola amaphuzu okuhlangana nabanye abakhuluma isiBasque.

Kusukela ekubukeni ubuso nobuso, izinhlelo ezifana ne-Euskara Munduan Banikeza izifundo ezikhuthazwa yi-HABE ezikhungweni zaseBasque ezitholakala emazweni ahlukene. I-Etxepare Basque Institute, yona, ithuthukisa izifundo zolimi lwesiBasque namasiko emanyuvesi ahlukahlukene aphesheya, lapho iBasque ifundiswa khona kanye nezifundo zezincwadi zesiBasque, umlando kanye nomphakathi.

Amanyuvesi afana ne-University of Nevada, eRenoBanezikhungo zezifundo zeBasque ezifaka izifundo zolimi, izincwadi kanye nomlando. Lezi zinhlelo zemfundo bezilokhu zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni isiko leBasque emkhakheni weyunivesithi yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nasekuqeqesheni izizukulwane ezintsha zabacwaningi kanye nabantu abadumile.

Ekuzijwayezeni kwansuku zonke, abafundi abaningi batusa nezinsiza ezengeziweIzinsiza zifaka phakathi izincwadi ezifana nalezo eziku-EUSKARAGARA.NET, amawebhusayithi aqondene ngqo nemibuzo efana ne-euskaldudak.com, izindlela zokucwilisa njenge-metodoeseyde, kanye namaqoqo amavidiyo ezemfundo. Umphakathi uhlala udala futhi wabelana ngezixhumanisi, amathiphu, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu.

Ngisho nezinkinga ezibonakala zincane, njengomehluko phakathi kwe-“Bai ala ez” kanye ne-“Bai edo ez”Bakha izingxoxo nemibuzo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nasezigabeni zokuphawula, bebonisa umphakathi osebenzayo wabafundi nezikhulumi ezisizanayo futhi zigcina intshisekelo ezintweni ezihlukile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwangempela kolimi iphila.

Isofthiwe ngesiBasque iqedela umbuthano wokumiswa kwedijithaliNjengoba kunezihloli zokupela ezifana ne-Xuxen kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezinsizakalo zewebhu ezihunyushwe kancane noma ezidalwe ngqo ngesiBasque, ulimi lutholakala kalula kubuchwepheshe bansuku zonke, okuyinto ebalulekile ekusaseni lalo phakathi kwezizukulwane ezisencane.

Lonke lolu chungechunge lomlando, izingobo zomlando, imikhosi, izincwadi, umculo, i-diaspora kanye nezinsiza zokufunda Kubonisa ukuthi “isiko lama-Euskera” akulona igama elingenalutho, kodwa indawo yonke ephilayo ekuguqukeni okuqhubekayo, esekelwa abantu, izikhungo kanye nemiphakathi, okuye kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, yanquma ukuthi lolu limi lwasendulo akufanele lufinyelele namuhla kuphela, kodwa luqhubeke lukhula, luzivuselele futhi luvule izingxoxo ezintsha nomhlaba.