Inganekwane kaPluto: UNkulunkulu we-Underworld kuMythology yamaRoma

Pluto, ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma owaziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulu wendawo engaphansi, ungomunye wezibalo **ezingaqondakali** kanye ne-*ezisatshwayo** phakathi kwe-pantheon yakudala. Umfanekiso wakhe uhlobene eduze neHayidesi, umlingani wakhe ongumGreki, futhi umbuso wakhe uhlanganisa abafileyo nakho konke okungaphansi komhlaba, kuhlanganise ** ingcebo ** njengegolide nezinsimbi eziyigugu.

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, inganekwane kaPluto iye yavela kunkulunkulu oqinile futhi ongathetheleli yaba **umbusi olungile ** wokuphila kwangemva kokufa. Indaba yakhe, ikakhulukazi ukuthunjwa kwe-Persephone (noma i-Proserpina enguqulweni yamaRoma), ibe nomthelela ** izinganekwane **, ** izincwadi ** ngisho namagama ezindikimba zasezulwini.

U-Pluto nozalo lwakhe lwaphezulu

UPluto wayeyindodana ye-Titans ISaturn (Cronos) y I-Ops (Rea), kanye nomfowabo ka I-Jupiter (Zeus) y I-Neptune (Poseidon). Lapho lezi zelamani ezintathu zinqoba ama-Titans, zahlanganyela ukulawula indawo yonke: uJupiter wayezobusa isibhakabhaka, uNeptune ulwandle, futhi uPluto wayezonikezwa amandla okulawula umhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, u-Pluto uzimise unomphela embusweni wakhe ongaphansi**, ewukhetha kuneNtaba i-Olympus. Indima yakhe njengenkosi yabafileyo yamenza waba**unkulunkulu owesatshwayo*, abaningi ababekugwema ukumkhulumela ngokuzwakalayo.

Umhlaba ongaphansi nesakhiwo sawo

Umbuso we-*Pluto**, owaziwa nangokuthi IsiThathu noma i IHayidese, yahlukaniswa yaba izifunda eziningana:

• Izinkambu ze-Elysian: Uhlobo lwe**pharadesi** lapho imiphefumulo eqotho yayijabulela khona ingunaphakade.
• Izinhlobo ze-Asphodel: Lapho kwaya khona imiphefumulo yalabo ababengakabi nobuhle noma ububi ngokuphelele.
• IThatharasi: Indawo **yokujeziswa** kwabalahliweyo, lapho abahlutshwa khona okuphakade.

Ukuze iwele endaweni yabafileyo, imiphefumulo kwakudingeka ikhokhe i-obolus kumhambisi wesikebhe. UCaronte, owabahambisa e umfula styx. Lo mfula wawungomunye wemihlanu eyakha ingxenye yezwe elingaphansi komhlaba, kanye nomfula I-Cocytus (umfula wesililo), the I-Acheron (umfula wobuhlungu), the Lethe (umfula wokukhohlwa) kanye I-phlegethon (umfula womlilo).

I-Pluto ne-Persephone: Umsuka wezinkathi zonyaka

Enye yezinganekwane ezidume kakhulu ** ezihlotshaniswa ne-Pluto ubudlelwano bayo ne I-Persephone (Proserpina ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma). Ngokwendaba, uPluto wathumba unkulunkulukazi ngesikhathi ekha izimbali wamyisa endaweni engaphansi komhlaba ukuze abe umkakhe.

Umama wakhe, I-Ceres (i-Demeter), unkulunkulukazi **agriculture**, wamfuna emhlabeni wonke. Ukuphelelwa kwabo yithemba kwabangela ukuba izwe libe **yinyumba, okwabangela indlala enkulu. Ekugcineni, uJupiter wangenela futhi wayala uPersephone ukuba abuyele kunina, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi wayedlile **imbewu yamapomegranati ayisithupha** endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, wayezochitha. izinyanga eziyisithupha ngonyaka nge-Pluto y izinyanga eziyisithupha nonina, okubangela **izinkathi zonyaka** zonyaka: ubusika lapho i-Persephone ine-Pluto kanye nentwasahlobo lapho ibuya noCeres.

Abaqaphi kanye nezidalwa zangaphansi komhlaba

**Umbuso kaPluto** wawugadwe izidalwa ezimbalwa ezincane nonkulunkulu:

• ICerberus: Inja enamakhanda amathathu ebigada emnyango futhi ivimbe imiphefumulo ukuthi ingaphunyuki.
• AmaFuries: Ophethe ukujezisa **izoni**.
• Iziphetho: Banquma **isiphetho** sabantu, benquma inkambo yokuphila kwabo.
• AbaHluleli Bomhlaba Ophansi: Ama-Minos, Rhadamanthus y I-Aeacus, owanquma isiphetho semiphefumulo.

Izinganekwane ezihlobene nePluto

Ziningi **izindaba** ezibandakanya i-Pluto, ezinye eziphawuleka kakhulu zihlanganisa:

U-Orpheus no-Eurydice

Imbongi u-Orpheus wehlela endaweni engaphansi ukuze alulame umkakhe u-Eurydice. U-Pluto, eshukunyiswa umculo wakhe, wamvumela ukuba ambuyisele emuva, ngombandela wokuthi angabheki emuva aze ashiye umhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba. Nokho, u-Orpheus akakwazanga ukumelana nesilingo futhi walahlekelwa ngu-*Eurydice** unomphela.

UHeracles noCerberus

Njengengxenye yemisebenzi yakhe eyishumi nambili, I-Heracles Kwakudingeka abambe uCerberus futhi amlethe phezulu, esinye sezikhathi ezimbalwa **umuntu ** wakwazi ukungena ngempumelelo futhi aphume endaweni engaphansi komhlaba.

Indima kaPluto kwezamasiko

U-Pluto wayengenawo amathempeli anikezelwe enkolweni yakhe futhi wayengavamile ukucelwa ngokuqondile. Kodwa-ke, wayengumuntu obalulekile embonini Eleusinian Mysteries, iqoqo elithi **rite** lokuhlonipha uDemeter kanye nePersephone.

Enkathini ephakathi neRenaissance **literature**, u-Pluto ubonakala njengo-**umbusi** wezwe elingaphansi komhlaba, ethonya imisebenzi enjengokuthi Amahlaya aphezulu likaDante.

Ngisho nakusayensi, igama layo lihlala: iplanethi encane Pluto kanye nesici samakhemikhali i-plutonium Zaqanjwa ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe, ekhombisa uphawu alushiye** ebuntwini**.

Isibalo se-Pluto sihlala sithakazelisayo, simelela ** imfihlakalo ** yokuphila kwangemva kokufa kanye ** nobulungisa ** bokugcina kuyo yonke imiphefumulo. Umlando wayo, ogcwele izinganekwane kanye nezimpawu, usikhumbuza ngokungagwemeki kokufa kanye nokubaluleka kokulinganisela ku-*nature**.