- I-Nuraghi iyimibhoshongo yamatshe emikhulu, uphawu lwesiko le-Nuragic, enezibonelo ezingaphezu kuka-6500 ezisakazeke kulo lonke elaseSardinia.
- Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwashintsha kusukela kuma-pronurage amakhulu kuya ezinhlelweni zemibhoshongo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuya kuma-tholos, akhiwe ngamasu athuthukile e-cyclopean ngaphandle kwe-mortar.
- Benza imisebenzi yokuhlala, yokuzivikela kanye neyesiko, befakwa kunethiwekhi yezindawo zokuhlala, imithombo engcwele kanye namathuna eziqhwaga.
- Izindawo ezifana neSu Nuraxi, Arrubiu, Santu Antine, Losa, Genna Maria noma iPalmavera zikuvumela ukuthi ufunde mathupha ngale mpucuko eyingqayizivele yaseMedithera.
Kusakazeke kulo lonke elaseSardiniaKusukela ezintabeni zangaphakathi kuya emathafeni asogwini, kuvela izinkulungwane zezakhiwo zamatshe, okuthakazelisa abavubukuli nabahambi ngokufanayo: i-nuraghi yaseSardiniaUma ubheka kuqala zibonakala ziyimibhoshongo ebhidlikile neyimibhoshongo ebhidlikile, kodwa ngemuva kwalezo zindonga kulele umlando, amandla, izinkolelo kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabantu abangazange bashiye lutho lubhaliwe, impucuko eyimfihlakalo yamaNuragic.
Uma uhlangana ne-nuraghe ngenkathi ushayela emgwaqweni wesibili noma uhamba emaphandleni, uzizwa sengathi indawo iguqulwe yaba yindawo yasendulo. Lezo zinqaba ezinqunyiwe eziyindilinga, ezimi zodwa noma ezakha izakhiwo ezinkulu eziqinileSezibe uphawu oluqashelwa kakhulu lwesiqhingi, kwaze kwaba sezingeni lokuncintisana ngamabhishi aso ngobunikazi bawo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kweSardinia, azikaziwa kakhulu. Ake sichaze ukuthi ziyini, zakhiwa kanjani, zakhiwa ngubani, nokuthi yiziphi ezifanele ukuvakashelwa uma uhlela uhambo.
Iyini i-nuraghe futhi zingaki eSardinia?
I-nuraghes (i-nuraghi ngesi-Italian) Ziyizakhiwo zamatshe ezinkulu, ngokuvamile ngesimo sombhoshongo oqoshiwe oqoshiwe, owakhula eSardinia phakathi kweNkathi Yethusi Ephakathi kanye neNkathi Yensimbi, cishe phakathi kuka-1700 no-700 BC, onezimpande ezibuyela emuva ngisho nasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesi-3 BC. Ukubukeka kwazo kukhumbuza inqaba yasendulo, kuphela enohlelo lwephansi oluyindilinga kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-cyclopean ngaphandle kodaka.
Ngaphezu kwe I-nuraghi engu-6500-7000 isatshalaliswe kulo lonke isiqhingiNakuba izilinganiso eziningi zisikisela ukuthi kunezakhiwo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili uma zifakiwe lezo ezibhujisiwe, ezingcwatshwe, noma ezonakele kakhulu. Kunezindawo lapho ubuningi bumangalisa khona: komasipala abanjengoBonarcado, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi kune-nuraghi engaphezu kweyodwa nengxenye ngekhilomitha lesikwele, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezingathandi kangako, njengeGennargentu noma izingxenye zogu olusempumalanga, ukuba khona kwazo kusabalala kakhulu.
Lezi zakhiwo azibonakali zihlukanisiwe nendawo noma ezinye izinsalela zasendulo.Ngokuvamile zakhiwa eduze kwe-domus de janas (i-hypogea yomngcwabo), ama-menhir, ama-dolmens, futhi, phakathi nenkathi yonke ye-Nuragic, imithombo engcwele namathuna eziqhwaga. Konke lokhu kukhomba ukubaluleka okunamandla okufanekisa kwezindawo ezikhethiwe, ngaphezu kwezizathu ezingokoqobo njengokulawula indawo ngokubona kanye nokufinyelela emanzini.
Namuhla, i-nuraghi yakha inethiwekhi yangempela yezimpawu zamatshe ezibumba indawo yaseSardinian. Ezinye ziphakama emagqumeni angenalutho, ezinye zibusa ezigodini ezivundile, kanti ezinye ziqapha izindawo ezingena ogwini.Kukhona imibhoshongo eyodwa phakathi kwezwe lasemaphandleni kanye nezakhiwo ezinkulu ezizungezwe amadolobha amakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kungenye yezihluthulelo zokuqonda umsebenzi wazo.
Imvelaphi yesiko lamaNuragic kanye nemvelaphi yegama elithi “nuragha”
Impucuko eyakha le mibhoshongo ibizwa ngokuthi Isiko le-NuragicUmphakathi oyinkimbinkimbi owavela ekuguqukeni kwemiphakathi yesiqhingi iNeolithic kanye neChalcolithic. Phakathi kokuphela kweNeolithic kanye nokuqala kweNkathi Yensimbi, izinhlobo zenhlangano yomphakathi zaguqulwa kwaze kwaba yilapho, eNkathini Yethusi Eliphakathi, zaveza amaqembu akwazi ukuhlanganisa imizamo emikhulu yokubambisana.
Lo mongo uchaza ukwakheka kokuqala okukhulu kwe-Nuragic. Ukushintshela ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi yethusi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi yethusi Kwakuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi okushintshana, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezikhundla zangaphakathi. Cishe ngo-1600 BC, impucuko ye-pronuragic yavela, futhi kusukela ngekhulu le-14 kuya kwele-13 BC, ukwakheka kwe-Nuragic yakudala kwachuma, kuhlanganisa inethiwekhi yendawo ehlelekile enezikhungo zamandla kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zesibili.
Igama elithi “nuragha” libe yindaba exoxwa ngayo. Abanye ochwepheshe bezilimi baye baxhumanisa lolu limi nezimpande zangaphambi kwe-Indo-European nurngezincazelo ezingaba khona njengokuthi “inqwaba yamatshe” noma “umgodi edwaleni.” Abanye babhekisele ezimpandeni zaseMpumalanga ze-nur, “ukukhanya” noma “umlilo,” okungavusa umlilo kanye, ngokwengeziwe, indlu. Ucwaningo lwamuva nje luvame ukulichaza ngokuthi “umbhoshongo wamatshe” noma “isakhiwo sodonga,” kugcizelela ubuntu balo bokwakha hhayi obungokomfanekiso.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi leli gama livelaphi ngempela, Okusobala ukuthi umsebenzi walezi zakhiwo wawungafani nowodwa futhi ungaguquki.Eminyakeni engaphezu kwenkulungwane, i-nuraghi yadlula ezigabeni zokusetshenziswa kwezindlu nezokuzivikela, izikhathi ezinengxenye enamandla yesiko, kanye nezigaba zokushiywa nokusetshenziswa kabusha ngamasiko akamuva njengeRoma.
Izinhlobo ze-nuraghi: kusukela ku-protonuraghi kuya emibhoshongweni kuya ku-tholos
Kuyo yonke intuthuko yayo, ukwakheka kwe-Nuragic kwakha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo. Akuzona zonke i-nuraghi eziwumbhoshongo ojwayelekile ophelele oyindilingaEqinisweni, izibonelo zokuqala azihlobene kakhulu nesithombe esisakazeke kakhulu.
Okubizwa ngokuthi ama-protonuragas asendulo noma ama-nuraghes Zivela ngeNkathi Yethusi Eliphakathi, cishe ngo-1600 BC. Lezi yizakhiwo ezinkulu ezinezitezi ezingajwayelekile, izindlela ezincane, namakamelo amancane anophahla oluyisicaba. Amatshe avame ukuhlelwa kancane, futhi isici esivelele kakhulu ukuthi ingxenye engenhla yaqedwa ngethala lapho kwakhiwa khona izakhiwo zokhuni, mhlawumbe izindlu ezilula.
Lezi protonurages zazifinyelela kalula amamitha ayishumi ukuphakama futhi, ngokusho kohlobo lwezinto zakudala, kwakukhona okungenani izinhlobo ezinhlanu, ezibonisa ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo okuya ezixazululweni ezizinzile nezinkuluKulezi, amakhulu ambalwa alondolozwe namuhla, ngokuvamile esesimweni sokuqhekeka.
Esikhathini Sesikhathi Sethusi Sasekupheleni (cishe ngo-1400-950 BC) imodeli ye I-nuraghi noma i-tholos yakudalaLapha sithola umbhoshongo ogobile onegumbi elikhulu langaphakathi elimbozwe yi-dome egobile. Lawa makamelo ayindilinga angadlula amamitha ayi-7 ububanzi kanye namamitha ayi-10-12 ukuphakama kwangaphakathi, okuyimpumelelo enkulu yobuchwepheshe ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngaphakathi kwe-tholes nuraghi, amaqembu amabili amakhulu angahlukaniswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona i-nuraghi elula, equkethe umbhoshongo owodwa onomnyango ophansi, umzila, kanye nehholo eliphakathi elinophahla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-nuraghi eyinkimbinkimbi, ezihlanganisa umbhoshongo oyinhloko nemibhoshongo eminingana yesibili ehlanganiswe yizinqaba, zikhiqiza amapulani anezingqimba ezimbili, anezingqimba ezintathu noma ngisho nezingqimba ezinhlanu, njengoba kwenzeka e-Arrubiu de Orroli enkulu.
Amasu okwakha kanye nobuciko bokwakha
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-nuraghi yindlela yazo yokwakha. Izindonga zazakhiwe ngamatshe amakhulu abekwe omile.Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kwakhiwe ngaphandle kodaka olubonakalayo, yize udaka cishe lwalusetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa kwezinye izindawo. Amabhulokhi amakhulu ayegcinelwe ingaphandle nezindawo ezithwele umthwalo omkhulu, kuyilapho amatshe amancane egcwalisa izikhala zangaphakathi, okuqinisa isakhiwo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le ndlela yathuthuka yaze yasakazeka kabanzi ebheke kabiliIzindonga ezimbili zamabhulokhi ahlelwe kahle ahambisana, agcwele amatshe amancane ngaphakathi. Lolu hlelo, olubhalwe ngokuyinhloko kusukela eNkathini Yethusi Yasekupheleni, lwanika imibhoshongo ukuqina okungavamile futhi lwayivumela ukuba ifinyelele ukuphakama okumangalisayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuzinza.
Ukuvala amakamelo angaphakathi, kwasetshenziswa i-corbelling, okungukuthi, imigqa yamatshe ehambisanayo ephuma kancane ngaphakathi Njengoba umuntu ekhuphuka, umgodi uyancipha uze wehliswe ube yi-oculus encane enomqhele we-slab. Umphumela uba yi-dome yamanga esabalalisa isisindo kahle kakhulu, efana ngobuhlakani namathuna amakhulu aseMycenaean, yize inomehluko omkhulu wesakhiwo.
Ukwakhiwa kwale mibhoshongo kwakudinga nokuxazulula inkinga yokuthutha nokuphakamisa amatshe amakhulu, ngokuvamile i-basalt. Kucatshangwa ukuthi Amatshe athuthwa ngama-roller okhuni, ngosizo lwezindawo zokuma kanye nezindawo zokuvimba., nokuthi izindonga zangaphandle zakhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo namakamelo angaphakathi, okuhlanganisa izitebhisi ezijikelezayo ezixhumanisa amazinga ahlukene odongeni ubukhulu bodonga.
Kusukela esigabeni sokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo, uhlelo lwesitezi oluyindilinga lwalubikezelwe kusengaphambili, mhlawumbe luphawulwe ngokuthi uhlobo oluthile lwekhampasi yokhuni noma yensimbikanye nendawo yamakamelo, imihubhe, kanye nezitebhisi. Izinga lokuhlela libonakala kakhulu ku-nuraghi eyinkimbinkimbi, lapho imibhoshongo, izinqaba, kanye namagceke kusabela khona kumklamo owodwa nohambisanayo.
Umsebenzi we-nuraghi: izinqaba, izindlu, amathempeli… noma izindawo zokubuka?
Umbuzo omkhulu wonke umuntu awubuzayo uthi: Yayisetshenziselwani ngempela i-nuraghi? Sekungamashumi eminyaka impikiswano phakathi kwabavubukuli ishintshashintsha phakathi kwemibono ehlukene, futhi nakuba kukhona ukuvumelana okuthile namuhla, le nkinga ayikaxazululwa nhlobo.
Njengamanje, iningi lomphakathi wesayensi licabanga ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko we-nuraghi eminingi wawungu- indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuzivikelaEmpeleni lezi kwakuyizinqaba nezikhungo zamandla ezizwe, lapho amakhosi nemindeni yawo babehlala khona, benengxenye ecacile yodumo nokulawula indawo. Isikhundla sabo sobukhosi, iminyango embalwa, nezindonga eziqinile zikhomba ngokusobala ukusetshenziswa kwezempi.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izimo ezifanele lesi sikhunta. Kukhona ama-nuraghi atholakala ezindaweni ezingenasithakazelo kwezomnotho noma ezikude nezinsizakusebenza eziyinhloko.Lezi zakhiwo zibonakala zisabela kakhulu kumqondo wokuqapha ongokomfanekiso noma osuqanjiwe kunokuvikela ngqo indawo yokuhlala. Izibonelo ezilula ezindaweni ezomile, isibonelo, zingangena ezinhlelweni zemibhoshongo yokulawula ebonakalayo exhunyiwe.
Kusukela ngekhulu loku-1 BC kuqhubeke, ngesikhathi seNkathi Yensimbi, izinguquko zezakhiwo zitholakala kwezinye izakhiwo ze-Nuragic eziziqondisa ekusetshenzisweni kwamasiko. Amakamelo athile, imithombo, kanye nezindawo ezivalekile zithola ubukhulu obucacile bomkhuba, obuye bakhuthaza umbono we-nuraghi njengamathempeli noma izindawo zokubuka izinkanyezi kwezinye izimo. Izifundo ze-Archaeoastronomical zithole ukuvumelana ne-solstices kanye nemicimbi yenyanga emibhoshongweni efana ne-Santu Antine, i-Palmavera noma i-Santa Barbara.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idlanzana labacwaningi livikele kakhulu izincazelo zomngcwabo noma ezingokomfanekiso, uma kubhekwa ku-nuraghi amathuna amakhulu angaba khona, izindawo ezingcwele zelanga, noma izindawo zokukhulekela okhokhoNakuba le mibono ingenasisindo esingaphansi kombono wokuzivikela wezindawo zokuhlala, iyasiza ekuchazeni ukuhlanzeka okunamandla kwendawo yaseNuragic kanye nokusondela kwayo kwezinye izakhiwo zemikhosi njengemithombo engcwele namathuna amakhulu.
Amadolobhana aseNuragic kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke
I-nuraghe enkulu yayingavamile ukuba yodwa ngokuphelele. Kaningi, kwakwakhiwa ezinye izindawo zokuhlala ezizungezile. amadolobhana ezindlu eziyindilinga zakhiwe ngamatshe noma, ngezinga elincane, nge-adobe. Ezigabeni zokuqala, izindlu ezinekamelo elilodwa zazivame kakhulu, kodwa kusukela eNkathini Yensimbi kuqhubeke, izindlu ezinezindawo eziningana zangaphakathi ezihlelwe eduze kwamagceke zasakazeka kabanzi.
Lezi zindawo zokuhlala zingaba amaqoqo amancane ezindlu ezimbalwa noma amadolobhana angempela anemigwaqo, izikwele, ama-workshop, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina izinto. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu yi- Idolobhana laseSu Nuraxi eBarumini, Indawo Yefa Lomhlaba ye-UNESCO, enenqwaba yamaqhugwane, imigwaqo emincane kanye namatangi abonisa umphakathi ohlelekile kakhulu.
Ukumba kuveze obala izitsha zasekhishini, imishini yokugaya amatshe, amathambo ezilwane, amathuluzi ensimbi, kanye nezinto zobumba ezihlotshiswe kahleLokhu okutholakele kusikisela umnotho oxubile osekelwe kwezolimo, ezolimo zemfuyo, ubuchwepheshe bezinsimbi, kanye nokuhweba okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokude. Ezindaweni ezifana neGenna Maria, imikhumbi eyindilinga ekhangayo nayo ikhonjwe, ehunyushwa njengamathuluzi okucubungula ukudla.
Ezingeni lezenhlalo, isikhathi eside sesiko lamaNuragic, esingaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane, sisho izinguquko ezinkulu: izindawo ezixhashazwa kakhulu bese zishiywa ngenxa yokuncipha kwezinsizakusebenza, izinguquko kumanethiwekhi kagesi, okwandisa ukuxhumana nabanye abantu baseMedithera njengabaseMycenaean, abaseFenike kanye, kamuva, namaRoma. Naphezu kwalokhu kuxhumana, ukwakheka kwe-Nuragic kugcina izici zayo ezihlukile kakhulu., ehluke ngokusobala eziqongweni ezinkulu zaseGrisi noma eziQhingini zaseBalearic.
Ngisho nangemva kokufika kwamaFenike namaRoma, izikhungo eziningi zeNuragic azizange zibhujiswe, kodwa zasetshenziswa kabusha ngezinjongo ezintsha. Ezinye i-nuraghi zaguqulwa zaba izindawo ezingcwele, izindawo zokuhlola, noma izindawo zokumba amatshe ezilulakodwa zaqhubeka nokuba yingxenye yendawo ebonakalayo nengokomfanekiso yesiqhingi.
I-Nuraghi nezinye izakhiwo ze-megalithic zaseMedithera
Izwe le-Nuragic alinakuqondwa ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokuliqhathanisa namanye amasiko aseziqhingini ezingomakhelwane. EziQhingini zaseBalearic, isibonelo, kuvela ama-talayotIzakhiwo ze-Talayotic ziyimibhoshongo emikhulu yamatshe ehlanganyela izinto zokwakha, ukulandelana kwezikhathi okuvamile, kanye nokufana komndeni okuthile ne-nuraghi. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ama-talayot angaba nezinhlelo zesitezi esiyisikwele ngaphezu kweziyindilinga, kanti eSardinia uhlelo lwesitezi esiyindilinga lusobala ukuthi lunamandla.
Kwenzeka into efanayo ngamathuna amakhulu aseMycenaean tholos aseGrisi. Ukufana okusemthethweni kokusetshenziswa kwama-domes anezinsika kwaholela emcabangweni emashumini eminyaka edlule wokuthi ithonya eliqondile le-Aegean eSardiniaNokho, namuhla, izifundo zibonisa umehluko obalulekile: Amathuna aseMycenaean ayizindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezimbiwe edwaleni futhi zimbozwe yindunduma yobumba, kuyilapho ama-nuraghi ayizakhiwo ezakhiwe ziqonde phezulu ngamatshe omile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhathi azihambisani kahle ukuze zisekele "ukukopisha nokunamathisela" okulula kokwakha. Amathuna amadala kunawo wonke e-nuraghi ne-tholos avele abe madala kakhulu kunamanye amathuna amakhulu aseMycenaean.Lokhu kuqinisa umqondo wentuthuko efanayo esekelwe olwazini oluvamile olwakhayo eMedithera kunokuthembela ngqo.
ESardinia, isenzakalo seNuragic siphinde sifakwe endaweni egcwele izikhumbuzo ezinkulu: ama-menhir nama-dolmen asezinkathini zangaphambilini, ama-domus de janas aqoshwe edwaleni, amathuna amakhulu, imithombo yamanzi engcwele… Iqoqo lonke lezikhumbuzo ezikhuluma nge ubudlelwano obuqinile kakhulu phakathi kwezakhiwo, ukufa, isiko kanye nendawo kuyo yonke izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Kulesi simo, akumangazi ukuthi ezinye i-nuraghi zakhiwa eduze kwezikhumbuzo ezindala, okuqinisa umqondo wokuqhubeka nokulungiswa kabusha kwezindawo ezingcwele. Ukukhetha indawo yombhoshongo ngamunye kwakungeyona nje indlela yokulwa, kodwa futhi kwakunesici esinamandla esingokomfanekiso., cishe kufana nokuqinisa amandla omphakathi endaweni egcwele inkumbulo.
Izindawo ezinhle ze-Nuragic ongaziphuthelwa
Ithiyori yonke ilungile, kodwa indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda i-nuraghi ukuhamba phakathi kwayo. Uma uhlola isiqhingi, uzobona imibhoshongo yonke indawo, yize ezinye izindawo zivelele ngesimo sazo sokulondolozwa, ubukhulu bazo, noma ukubaluleka kwazo komlando. Uma unesithakazelo ezintweni zakudala, kufanele nakanjani uzifake ohambweni lwakho lohambo..
Ake siqale ngedume kakhulu: INuraxi yakho yaseBaruminiItholakala eningizimu yeSardinia, le ndawo ihlanganisa umbhoshongo omkhulu ophakathi ozungezwe imibhoshongo emine exhunywe ngodonga, futhi iwuzungezile, idolobhana elikhulu elinamaqhugwane ayindilinga, imigwaqo, namatangi. Yambiwa maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, yamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yefa Lomhlaba ye-UNESCO ngo-1997. Ukungena kuhlanganisa uhambo oluqondisiwe oluphoqelekile, ukufinyelela eCasa Zapata Museum—lapho enye i-nuraghi, i-Nuraxi 'e Cresia, ingabonakala ngaphansi kwendlu yokuhlala yasebukhosini base-Aragonese—kanye naseGiovanni Lilliu Center, enezibonelo zayo kanye nemibukiso.
Esinye isiqhwaga esibalulekile yi- nuraghe Arrubiu de OrroliYaziwa ngokuthi "i-giant ebomvu" ngenxa yombala obomvu we-basalt yayo embozwe yi-lichen, iyi-nuraghe enkulu kunazo zonke esiqhingini. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi yayinombhoshongo ophakathi nendawo kanye nemibhoshongo emihlanu ezungeze, kanye nemibhoshongo eminingi emincane, efinyelela kumabhoshongo angu-22. Umnyango, obheke eningizimu-mpumalanga futhi uvikelekile emoyeni we-mistral, ubonisa ukunakekelwa okuthathwe ekuqinisekiseni induduzo yezakhamuzi zayo.
Enyakatho yeSardinia, okulandelayo kuyaphawuleka: Santu Antine nuraghe, e TorralbaIngenye yezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zeNuragic. Ukwakheka kwayo okungunxantathu, okunombhoshongo ophakathi kanye nemibhoshongo emithathu ekhoneni exhunywe yizinqaba, kudala inqaba emangalisayo. Izindlela zokungena ezigodliwe, amakamelo abekwe phezulu, kanye nemibukiso emide yangaphakathi igcinwe. Eduze kukhona iNuraghi Valley Museum, esiza ekuchazeni ubuningi bezakhiwo endaweni.
La Nuraghe Losa, e-AbbasantaIngenye yezindawo ezilondolozwe kahle kakhulu. Yakhiwe ngamatshe e-basalt futhi izungezwe udonga olukhulu, inikeza uhambo olufundisayo kakhulu lwangaphakathi lwayo. Imisebenzi yakamuva yenzeka nxazonke zayo, kusukela ezikhathini zamaRoma—njengoba kufakazelwa yizitsha zomngcwabo—kuya eNkathini Ephakathi. Kusukela ethala, izakhiwo zodonga lwangaphandle kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo endaweni yentaba-mlilo yethafa kubonakala kahle.
Akufanele sikhohlwe nuraghe Genna Maria eVillanovaforruYakhiwe egqumeni elingamamitha angaba ngu-400 ukuphakama, le ndawo inikeza imibono ehlanganisa amadolobha amaningi, iGulf of Cagliari, iGulf of Oristano, kanye nezintaba ezifana neGiara di Gesturi. Yashiywa ngemuva komlilo omkhulu futhi kamuva yasetshenziswa amaRoma njengendawo yokukhosela. Ukumba kuye kwathola izigayo, izitsha zobumba, amathambo ezilwane, kanye nezakhiwo ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene nokucubungula nokulondoloza ukudla.
Ezinye izindawo ze-Nuragic ezinconywa kakhulu
Ngaphandle "kwezinto zakudala", iSardinia igcwele amasayithi e-nuragic afanele ukuvakashelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yase-Alghero, kukhona i-Nuragic complex yasePalmaveraenemibhoshongo eminingana exhumene kanye nezinsalela zendawo yokuhlala. Kude kakhulu kune-necropolis yase-Anghelu Ruju, evumela izivakashi ukuthi zihlanganise ukwakheka kwabaphilayo nabafileyo ohambweni olulodwa.
Ngaphakathi kwesifundazwe saseNuoro kufihla Isakhiwo saseNuragic saseTiscaliItholakala emgodini omkhulu ongaphansi komhlaba esiqongweni sentaba enegama elifanayo, iyindawo ecishe ibe yimilingo, efinyeleleka kuphela ngomzila wokuhamba ngezinyawo, lapho umuzwa wokuthi usubuyele emuva esikhathini usuphelile. Amanxiwa ezindlu anamathele ezindongeni zomgodi njengokungathi asehlangene nedwala.
Isifundazwe sase-Oristano siyikhaya lamagugu anjenge- Umthombo ongcwele kaSanta Christina, ePaulilatinoIdume ngokwakheka kwayo okuphelele futhi, ngokusho kwezinye izifundo, ngokuqondana kwayo kwezinkanyezi, ipaki yemivubukulo iphinde igcine i-nuraghe encane, okumnandi kakhulu ukuyivakashela ekushoneni kwelanga. Yonke indawo inendawo engaqondakali ngokukhethekile.
Enyakatho, indawo yase-Arzachena iqukethe izindawo eziningana ezithakazelisa kakhulu: nuraghe Albucciu, the Tempietto de Malchittu, the nuragha Capichera kanye namanye amathuna amakhulu agcinwe kahle kakhulu esiqhingini, njengeLi Lolghi neCoddu Vecchiu. Yilabhorethri encane evulekile yokuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ze-Nuragic, amathuna amakhulu kanye ne-granite landscape.
Kukho konke lokhu kungangezwa ezinye izibonelo eziningi: i-nuraghe Majore eduze kwaseTempio Pausania, indawo yenkolo yaseSanta Vittoria eSerri, indawo yokuhlala yaseSerra Órrios eDorgali, indawo eyedwa I-Nuraghe Is Paras ngesi-Isili nge-dome yayo yangaphakathi ephezulu kakhulu, i-Diana nuraghi eQuartu Sant'Elena —eyasetshenziswa kabusha njengenqaba eMpini Yezwe Yesibili — noma isigodi se-nuraghi esizungeze iTorralba, phakathi kwezinye.
Uma kuthathwa konke, I-nuraghi yaseSardinia ichaza impucuko ngaphandle kokubhala, kodwa ngesakhiwo esinamandlaIyakwazi ukuguqula indawo ibe imephu yamatshe yenhlangano yayo yezenhlalo, ukwesaba kwayo, izinkolelo zayo, kanye nezifiso zayo. Ukuzulazula phakathi kwemibhoshongo yayo, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi zayo ezijikelezayo, ukubheka emagcekeni ayo nasemithonjeni, noma ukucabanga ngayo nje usekude kuvumela umuntu ukuthi axhumane, noma ngabe okwesikhashana nje, nomhlaba wasendulo oqhubeka nokuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo, futhi yingakho nje kukhanga kangaka umhambi onelukuluku.
