I-rock art ye-Mediterranean Basin ye-Iberian Peninsula

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I-rock art yasogwini lweMedithera eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia ihlanganisa i-mosaic ethakazelisayo yezithombe ezilandisa ngempilo nezinkolelo zemiphakathi yangaphambi komlando, kusukela ku-Upper Paleolithic kuya ku-Metal Ages. Ihlanganisa izitayela ezihlukahlukene—i-Paleolithic, i-Levantine, i-macro-schematic, ne-schematic—okuthe, ndawonye, ​​ipenda isithombe esiyingqayizivele sesikhathi esedlule. Leli qoqo, lisabalale emiphakathini eyisithupha ezimele, lingenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zobuciko bangaphambi komlando eYurophu.

Eyaziwa yi-UNESCO ngoDisemba 2, 1998 e-Kyoto, le ndawo yamasiko yaziwa ngegama elithi ARAMPI futhi inezindawo ezingu-756 komasipala abangu-163, ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu ukusuka eHuesca kuya e-Almería. Ukuhluka kwayo, ukuba ntekenteke kanye nokuhlotshaniswa nezindawo ezenziwe abantu ezinenani eliphakeme lemvelo kugqugquzele ukubhalwa kwayo Ohlwini Lwamagugu Omhlaba., egcizelela isidingo sokulondolozwa nokusabalalisa kwayo ngemibandela yesayensi nezemfundo.

Iyini i-ARAMPI futhi kungani ihlukile?

Okubizwa ngokuthi i-Rock Art ye-Mediterranean Arc ye-Peninsula yase-Iberia (i-ARAMPI) akuyona isethi ehambisanayo, kodwa isambulela esikhulu esihlanganisa amasiko amathathu amakhulu okuveza okucacile: i-Paleolithic, i-Levantine kanye ne-schematic, enomnikelo obalulekile walokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubuciko be-macro-schematic. Isixhumanisi esihluke kakhulu ubuciko be-Levantine, bomlingisi wemvelo kanye nokulandisa, okujwayelekile kule ndawo yeMedithera..

Izinhlobonhlobo zetimu ziyamangaza: kunezithombe zejiyomethri nemigqa elula, kanye nezigcawu ezihlanganisa izilwane kanye nezibalo zabantu emisebenzini efana nokuzingela, ukuqoqa, ukudansa, ukungqubuzana, noma amasiko. Lawa maphaneli axoxa indaba yokuphila kwansuku zonke nengokomoya emiphakathini yokugcina yabazingeli kanye nemiphakathi eyafaka kancane kancane imikhuba ye-Neolithic..

Engxoxweni yesayensi, ukulandelana kwezikhathi kobuciko be-Levantine kuhamba phakathi kweziphakamiso ezimbili eziyinhloko: eyodwa eyibeka ku-Epipaleolithic (cishe 8000-5000 BC) futhi enye ibeka endaweni ye-Neolithic (cishe 5000-2500 BC). Yomibili le mibono iqondana ngemvelaphi yayo ngamaqembu ane-epipaleolithic substrate enezela izinto ezintsha ezivela emnothweni omusha we-agro-pastoral.

Ububanzi bendawo kanye nenani lamasayithi

I-arc yaseMedithera, njengoba ichazwa yi-European Union emibonweni yokuhlela indawo, ihlanganisa izintaba ezisogwini nezimaphakathi nezwe zaseCatalonia, Aragon, Castilla-La Mancha, Valencian Community, Region of Murcia and Andalusia. Kuleyo ndawo, iziza zobuciko be-rock ezingama-756 ezinezitayela ezahlukene kanye nokulandelana kwazo ziye zahlelwa, zasatshalaliswa emiphakathini eyi-6 kanye nomasipala abayi-163..

Leli qembu labhalwa ngenxa yamanani alo obuciko, amadokhumenti kanye nezwe, kanye nengozi enkulu yokulahlekelwa ehlushwa yilokhu kubonakaliswa okuvulekile. Ukuqashelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kukhuthaze izindlela zokuvikela eziphelele kanye nokusabalalisa lapho abaphathi, amapaki amasiko kanye nezikhungo zokuhumusha zibambisana khona..

I-Andalusia: izintaba, izindawo zokukhosela nezimpawu zomhlaba ezinkulu

I-Andalusia yabelana ngaleli fa nezinye izifunda, kodwa igqama ngokuhlangana kwezindawo ezifundazweni zayo ezisempumalanga: i-Jaén, iGranada ne-Almería. Iziteshi ezingamashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalolunye zibhaliwe, ziqoqwe ezindaweni ezine zejografi: isifunda saseLos Vélez/Altiplano (Almería naseGranada) kanye, eJaén, Sierra Morena, Quesada naseSierra de Segura..

Ezintabeni ze-María-Los Vélez (enyakatho ye-Almería) kunesikhumbuzo Semvelo sase-Cueva de Ambrosio, indawo yokukhosela ye-limestone ejwayele ukuvuselela amathuluzi e-lithic, ngemidwebo evela ku-Upper Paleolithic. Phakathi kwama-motifs alo, ihhashi eline-ocher ebomvu livelele, licacile futhi linamandla, libusa yonke into..

Eduze, i-Cave of the Signs edumile inezibalo ezingafika ku-174 ngamaqembu amahlanu: kunezibalo eziningi ze-anthropomorphic - eziningi zazo ziyi-bitriangular - nezibalo ze-zoomorphic (izinyamazane, izimbuzi). Lapho uzothola i-Indalo eyaziwa kakhulu, umthakathi osephenduke uphawu lwesifundazwe sase-Almería..

E-Altiplano yaseGranada, e-Huéscar, kuvela Itshe Lesibonakaliso noma Labafel' ukholo Ongcwele, lapho isiko lendawo lihumusha amabala abomvu njengegazi lika-Alodia noNunilón. Lesi siphephelo sedwala esincane sibonisa imifanekiso yabantu, ilanga eliwuhlaka noma izinkanyezi, ama-pectinate, amabha, amachashazi namachashaza, ngisho nezinhlanzi—okuyivelakancane kule repertoire—.

Isikhathi se-post-Paleolithic e-Jaén sishiye ngemuva e-Aldeaquemada igalari yangempela evulekile eneziteshi eziyi-19. I-Tabla de Pochico rock shelter, eduze ne-Cimbarra Waterfall, ihlanganisa amaphaneli amathathu anezimbuzi, izinyamazane, amabha kanye nemivimbo ebomvu nama-ocher; indawo ezungezile ihlanganisa ezinye izindawo zokukhosela zamatshe njengePoyo Inferior kanye ne-de en Medio de la Cimbarra, Cueva de los Mosquitos kanye neCimbarrillo del Prado de Reche.

Indawo yase-Aldeaquemada iphinde igcine izizinda ezibalulekile njengeCueva de la Mina, iGarganta de la Hoz, iPrado del Azogue neCueva de los Arcos; futhi, endaweni engumakhelwane i-Despeñaperros Natural Park, kunezindawo ezinentshisekelo enkulu njengeVacas de Retamoso, Los Órganos noma i-Collado de la Ginesa. Nakuba kungezona zonke ezifakiwe esimemezelweni se-UNESCO, ukubaluleka kwazo kwamasiko akunakuphikiswa..

I-Quesada, nayo ese-Jaén, ineziteshi ezingu-22 ezinobubanzi obusuka ku- Eneolithic kuya ku-Bronze Age. Emgedeni We-Lacemaker, kwatholakala izingcezwana ze-ceramic ezenziwe ngamasondo nangezandla, futhi ezindongeni zawo kukhona imidwebo ewuhlaka yesitayela se-Levantine, eqoshiwe, ama-cupules kanye nokuzungeza okuthathu okuthakazelisa kakhulu..

E-Sierra de Segura, izigodi zaseZumeta naseRío Frío ziqukethe ama-enclaves avelele. Izici eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa izindawo zokukhosela zamatshe e-Engarbo, eCañada de la Cruz naseCueva del Collado del Guijarral, ezinezigcawu zokuzingela nokulwa—izinkunzi, izinyamazane, abacibishelayo—nezilwane ezilimele ezifaka isandla ekulandiseni nasekuguquleni amandla..

I-Cañada de la Cruz rock shelter, eqondiswe eningizimu-ntshonalanga-ntshonalanga, iveza amaqembu amabili: eyokuqala, enezigcawu zokulwa, abacibishelayo, inyamazane kanye nomfanekiso wesifazane onemivimbo eqondile kanye nesitayela semvelo se-semi-schematic; eyesibili, enemigoqo efana negatsha ebomvu ngokumnyama kanye nensundu ngokukhanyayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-motif zembula izigaba nezandla ezihlukene..

E-Collado del Guijarral—Poyo de los Letreros—, udonga olungaphezu kwamamitha angamashumi amane lulondoloza okufana negatsha, okunama-bilobed, okufana ne-halter, imigoqo kanye nezibalo zabantu nezilwane ezihleliwe. Ama-canid amathathu anosayizi abahlukahlukene, i-caprid, abacibisheli ababili abasebenzayo, nezithombe ezimbalwa ezihlotshisiwe ziyamangalisa..

I-Castilla-La Mancha: Amasayithi angama-93 nezindawo ezinkulu ezivulekele izivakashi

UCastilla-La Mancha unikela ngamarekhodi angama-93 esizeni se-UNESCO: angama-79 e-Albacete, ayi-12 eCuenca kanye nama-2 e-Alto Tajo (eGuadalajara). Amanye alawa masayithi avulekele izivakashi, ikakhulukazi e-Albacete nase-Cuenca, ehlinzeka ngokusatshalaliswa okulawulwayo nokuvikelekile..

U-Albacete: Nerpio, Alpera, Ayna kanye noHellín

ENerpio, amaSolana de las Covacha—atholakala ngo-1954—ahlanganisa imigede engu-9 enhloko-dolobha yeTaibilla, emajukujukwini e-limestone. Izigcawu zakhe zibonisa ukuzingela kanye nezimo zezenhlalo; umdanso ugqamile, wenganyelwe umlingiswa wesilisa ozungezwe abesifazane abagqoke iziketi ezinde..

Futhi eNerpio, iTorcal de las Bojadillas inemihume eyisikhombisa emthambekeni oseningizimu weRiscal de las Bojadillas, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.100. Uyingcweti isitayela se-Levantine ngemibala eyisicaba, ama-silhouettes futhi agcwalise ngokubomvu nokumnyama; Imigede I no-IV iqukethe izibalo ezingu-171 nezingu-303, ne-Frieze of the Bulls edumile..

I-Frieze of the Bulls ihlanganisa i-bovids eyishumi nambili, inyamazane ehlezi phakathi kwezihlahla, kanye ne-bovid ehunyushwa kabusha njengenyamazane. Ukuvulwa okulawulwayo kokuvakasha komphakathi, okugqugquzelwa uMkhandlu Wedolobha LaseNerpio, kuhlelwe ukuvumelanisa ukufinyelela nokunakekela insiza..

Umgede Wowesifazane Omdala (Alpera), owatholwa ngo-1910 nguthisha uPascual Serrano Gómez, ungenye yezindawo ezifanekisela kakhulu. Ihlanganisa izibalo ezingaphezu kwekhulu: abantu nezilwane (izinyamazane, izimbuzi, izinkunzi, amahhashi, ama-canid kanye nezinye ezine-quadruped), ezinezithombe ze-schematic ezifana nemigoqo nemigqa yejometri..

Lezi zibonakaliso zihambisana namaqembu okugcina e-Epipaleolithic ahlala ezintabeni ze-Alpine phakathi kwe-ca. 10.000 kanye ne-6.000 BC, enikeza ubufakazi obukhethekile bokushintshela ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zempilo. Ingxoxo phakathi kwe-Levantine figuration kanye ne-schematic abstraction kwejazi elifanayo ingenye yezinto ezikhanga kakhulu.

Umgede Wengane (Ayna), enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeBarranco del Infierno—umhosha oqoshwe uMfula iMundo—, ulondoloza ubuciko bePaleolithic kanye neLevantine. Endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi kunwetshwa iphaneli elikhulu lamamitha angu-2 anezibalo ze-zoomorphic ngesitayela se-Paleolithic (Solutrean) nge-ocher ebomvu, phakathi kwayo umdwebo wenyoka uyamangaza..

Eduze komnyango kunelinye iphaneli elinezibalo zabantu abathathu endaweni yokuzingela, elenziwe ngesitayela seLevantine. Ngaphambilini eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Cave of the Children, imidwebo yayo ayizange ihlonishwe njengobuciko bomhume kwaze kwaba ngu-1970, okuyisibonelo sokuthi ulwazi lwendawo lwandulela kanjani ukuqinisekiswa kwesayensi..

EHellín, i-Abrigo Grande de Minateda—eyafundwa u-Abbé Breuil ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20—ihlala abantu abangaphezu kuka-600 emgodini omncane ongaba amamitha angu-20 ububanzi namamitha angu-4 ukuphakama. Iningi lisuka ku-Levant kanti ingxenye encane ingeye-schematic repertoire, enokulandelana kwezikhathi kusukela ku-Epipaleolithic (cishe 6500-6000 BC) kuya kuNkathi Yethusi..

Phakathi kwezithombe zayo kugqama amahhashi, izinkunzi, izimbuzi nezinyamazane; inkunzi enkulu endaweni engezansi yephaneli; umugqa wamahhashi ngenhla; iqembu labacibisheli ekubhekaneni okungenzeka; umhlambi wezimbuzi zilandelana; nowesifazane ehola omncane ngesandla. Ukwakheka nokunyakaza kuqinisa umlingiswa olandisayo ojwayelekile wesitayela se-Levantine..

Isigodi: iVillar del Humo kanye nesigodi saseMarmalo

E-Villar del Humo, i-Selva Pascuala rock shelter itholakala eSierra de las Cuerdas, engxenyeni engenhla yeRambla del Anear nasendaweni engaphandle yeCallejones de Potencio. Iyindawo yokukhosela evuleke kakhulu enezibalo ezingama-84 ezisabalele phezu kwamaphaneli amabili ahlukaniswe cishe ngamamitha amane..

Iphaneli 1 ihlanganisa i-Levantine ne-schematic motifs nenkomo enkulu emaphakathi; Iphaneli yesi-2, ene-non-Levantine naturalistic motifs, ihlanganisa izibalo ezine ze-zoomorphic—ama-equids amathathu—kanye nesibalo se-anthropomorphic, esihambisana nokuqondanisa kwemishayo eqondile. Ukuhlalisana kwezitayela nokuqanjiwe kuphakamisa izindaba ezahlukene ngendlela efanayo.

Iqembu lePeña del Escrito rock shelters (etholwe ngo-1918) lihlanganisa iziteshi ezintathu ezihlelwe ezindongeni zetshe lesanti eduze komfula odonsa iSierra de las Cuerdas eningizimu-ntshonalanga, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-7 ukusuka eVillar del Humo. Sekukonke kunezibalo eziyi-170 ezinezinyamazane, izinkomo nama-caprines, ngaphezu kwezibalo zabantu, ezisatshalaliswa ezigcawini zethoni yemvelo ye-Levantine nezinye ezingahambelani ne-canon ye-Levantine..

Iziteshi zaseMarmalo, ezisemfuleni iMesto, zihlanganisa izindawo zokukhosela ezinhlanu. E-Marmalo I, inkomo enkulu—evamile emcabangweni we-Levantine—ingumlingiswa, kuyilapho kwezinye iziteshi, amachashazi anohlelo nemigqa ishintshana nezinkunzi nezinyamazane zesiko le-Levantine..

I-Aragon: izitayela ezintathu, amapaki amasiko nokuvikelwa kwezomthetho

I-Aragon igcina izibonelo zezitayela ezintathu ezinhle eziqashelwa kule nhlonhlo: i-Cantabrian, i-Levantine ne-schematic, ngaphezu kobufakazi bakudala kakhulu be-Paleolithic. Ngo-1978 umhume we-Fuente del Trucho (Asque-Colungo, Huesca) wabhalwa phansi, nomsebenzi owawusukela eminyakeni eyi-22.000, okuqoshwe kwawo kanye nemidwebo kuqinisekisa ubukhona bobuciko base-Aragonese Paleolithic..

Ezinye izibonelo ze-Paleolithic zihlanganisa umhume we-Formón (i-Toledo de la Nata, i-Huesca) ne-Roca Hernando (i-Cabra de Mora, i-Teruel). Ubuciko be-Levantine, obakhiwe phakathi kuka-6000 no-4000 BC, bungokomfanekiso, nezibalo ezigcwele ukugeza okuyisicaba kanye nemibala ebomvu, emnyama, nemhlophe; ibeka kuqala ukufanekisa nezigcawu eziguqukayo..

E-Aragon, imisinga emibili ihlukaniswa ngesitayela se-Levantine: i-classical (yemvelo) kanye ne-schematic (engaphezu kokungabonakali). Isiko lezazi zemvelo likhanya ezindaweni zokukhosela ezifana neChimiachas (Alquézar), Arpán (Colungo), Plano del Pulido (Caspe), Valdecharco (Valdegorfa) noma, e-Albarracín, Las Olivanas, El Prado del Navazo naseLa Cocinilla del Obispo.

Izibalo ezihleliwe ziningi e-Huesca—Mallata (Colungo), Lecina—nase-Lower Aragon yaseTeruel—Fenellosa, Estrechos de Albalate—. Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kwesitayela endaweni efanayo kusiza ukuqonda uguquko lwamasiko nobuchwepheshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umthetho Wamagugu Ezamasiko wase-Aragon (Umthetho 3/1999) wamukela imigede, izindawo zokukhosela nezindawo ezinobuciko bedwala njengezimpahla Zamagugu Ezamasiko, ngokusebenza komthetho. Kanye nesimemezelo se-UNESCO sango-1998, uHulumeni wase-Aragon wakhuthaza umqondo wamapaki Cultural ukuvikela nokusabalalisa leli gugu elisengozini..

E-Río Vero Cultural Park—eMallata, eBarfaluy, e-Arpán, e-Chimiachas, e-Fuente del Trucho—izitayela ezintathu zakudala zobuciko bangaphambi komlando zigxilile, okuthile okuyingqayizivele kule nhlonhlo. Iziza ze-Levantine ezigcinwe kahle zitholakala eMartín River Cultural Park nase-Albarracín Cultural Park, enezikhungo zokuhumusha nezindlela ezinezimpawu..

Ukuba sengozini kungokoqobo: ukuphangwa kanye nomonakalo kubhaliwe, njengemifanekiso eqoshiwe ekhishwe e-Els Secans (Mazaleón) nokuhlikihlwa kopende e-Valdecharco. I-European distinction yango-2010—Council of Europe Cultural Route, Prehistoric Rock Art Trails—iqinisa ukuqashelwa kwayo futhi ikhuthaze imikhuba emihle yezivakashi..

Indlela yokudweba I-Prehistory: amasu, izisekelo nezigcawu

Ukusekelwa okuthandwayo yizindawo zokukhosela ezingajulile nezindonga eziqondile, lapho ukukhanya nesimo sezulu kuhambisana nemibala yamaminerali, ikakhulukazi ama-ocher. Ngesitayela se-Levantine, izibalo zidwetshwe ngezinhlaka ezilula kanye nokugcwalisa okuyisicaba; ngesitayela sohlelo, izimpawu ezingabonakali zibusa (imigoqo, amachashazi, ama-pectiniform, ama-ramiform, ama-haltere)..

Izindikimba zihlanganisa izilwane—izibeletho, ama-bovids, ama-caprine, amahhashi futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ama-canid—kanye nezibalo zabantu eziphethe izimfanelo (imicibisholo, imicibisholo) noma ukuma okuguquguqukayo (ukuzingela, ukudansa, ukulwa). Izinhlanzi zivela ngendlela engavamile—njengaseTsheleni Lesibonakaliso sika-Huéscar—, zandisa umlando we-iconographic..

Esikhathini se-Paleolithic, i-palette nemivimbo ifuna ivolumu kanye nemvelo; enkathini ye-Levantine, ukulandisa kukhumbuza izigcawu ezihlangene; esikhathini sohlelo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezithombe kudlulisa imibono nezimpawu ngezinsiza ezincane. Lolu shintsho lwesitayela luhlanganisa izinguquko kwezomnotho, ukuhamba, kanye nemikhuba..

Umlando wocwaningo kanye nezikhathi eziphakanyisiwe

Kusukela umsebenzi kaBreuil, uCabré no-Obermaier—owathi, kanye noL. Siret noF. de Motos, bavakashela izindawo zase-Almeria ezinjengoMgede Wezimpawu Nomhume Ka-Ambrosio ngo-1911—ukuhunyushwa kolimi lwaseLevantine kuye kwavela. Yasuka ekufakweni kohlaka phakathi kokulandelana kwe-Paleolithic yaze yabekwa, ngemva kokutholwa kobuciko be-macro-schematic ngawo-80, kuhlaka lwakamuva lwe-Epipaleolithic noma lwe-Neolithic..

Namuhla, izinhlaka ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulandelana kwezenzakalo zikhona: I-Epipaleolithic (cishe 8000-5000 BC) kanye ne-Neolithic (cishe 5000-2500 BC). Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, ulimi lwe-Levantine luqondwa njengefa lamaqembu anesiko lomzingeli elihlanganisa kancane kancane imikhuba yezolimo nemfuyo..

Izincwadi eziyisipesheli nezinhlelo zokuqomisana ezingaqondile, kanye nocwaningo lwama-superimpositions nezitayela, zilungise le ndaba ngaphandle kokuyivala ngokuphelele. Njengoba u-Hans-Georg Bandi agcizelela ngo-1952, kuyifa eliqhakazile elithintana nesimanjemanje..

Ukuvikelwa, ukuphathwa kanye nokufinyelela komphakathi

Ukufakwa ohlwini lwamagugu omhlaba ngo-1998 kanye nokuqokwa njengoMzila Wezamasiko woMkhandlu WaseYurophu ngo-2010 kukhuthaze amamodeli okuphatha okubambisene. Amapaki amasiko, izikhungo zokuhumusha, izimpawu, nokuvakasha okuqondisiwe kuzama ukuvumelanisa ukongiwa kwemvelo, ukutadisha nokuzijabulisa komphakathi..

Amacala okuphangwa nokuwohloka - njengalawo ase-Mazaleón noma e-Valdecharco - asebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okuqondile nemidwebo kusheshisa ukuwohloka kwawo. Isihluthulelo ukuvakasha okunesibopho: ibanga elifanele, akukho ukuthinta, akukho ukukhanya, nokuhlonipha ukuvalwa kwesizini noma imikhawulo yokufinyelela..

Ezindaweni ezithile—njengeNerpio noma i-Hellín—ukuvula okulawulwayo nezinhlelo zokubhuka kusengaphambili kuyathuthukiswa, ngokuvamile ngokubambisana nemikhandlu yamadolobha nezinhlangano zendawo. Le ndlela izuzisa imiphakathi, ithuthukisa ezokuvakasha kwamasiko, futhi yehlise nezingozi ezindaweni zokukhosela..

Ukukhethwa kwezindawo okufanele uzibone ngokwesifunda

I-Andalusia: Izintaba ze-María-Los Vélez (Umgede we-Ambrosio Nomhume Wezimpawu), Granada Plateau (Huéscar Sign Stone) kanye, e-Jaén, e-Aldeaquemada (Ithebula le-Pochico nendawo ezungezile), i-Quesada (Encajero Cave) kanye ne-Sierra de Segura (Engarbo, Caña de Cruz de Guida, Columbia). Ingosi ngayinye inikela ngezingcezu ezibalulekile—amahhashi e-Paleolithic, ama-Indalos, izithixo ezinamaphiko, abacibisheli—ezicebisa konke..

I-Castilla-La Mancha: e-Albacete, i-Solana de las Covachas ne-Torcal de las Bojadillas (Nerpio), Cueva de la Vieja (Alpera), Cueva del Niño (Ayna) kanye no-Abrigo Grande de Minateda (Hellín); eCuenca, e-Selva Pascuala kanye nezakhiwo ze-Peña del Escrito kanye ne-Marmalo (Villar del Humo). Lezi izindawo ezimangalisayo zokuqonda i-repertoire ye-Levantine kanye nokuxhumana kwayo ne-schematic kanye ne-Paleolithic..

I-Aragon: I-Vero River Cultural Park (Huesca) ne-Mallata, i-Barfaluy, i-Arpán, i-Chimiachas ne-Fuente del Trucho; I-Martín River Cultural Park kanye ne-Albarracín Cultural Park (Teruel); kanye nama-enclaves afana ne-Plano del Pulido (Zaragoza). Ukugxila kwezitayela kanye nekhwalithi yokulondolozwa kwenza i-Aragon ibe ilabhorethri eyinkomba.

Izizathu zevelu evelele yendawo yonke

Ukuhluka kobuciko be-Levantine, umthamo wokulandisa wezigcawu, ukuhlukahluka kwesitayela, ukulandelana kwezikhathi okubanzi nokuxhumana kwemvelo nemvelo yekhwalithi ephezulu yemvelo. Iqoqo le-ARAMPI liyingobo yomlando ebonakalayo yenani elikhulu lokuqonda izinqubo zamasiko ezibalulekile emlandweni wesintu.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwazo ezindaweni zokukhosela ezivulekile kuqinisa ubuthakathaka bazo futhi kudinga amasu okuphatha azwelayo endaweni yemvelo neyomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana phakathi kweziphathimandla, ososayensi kanye nemiphakathi yendawo kubalulekile.

Isamba sezindawo ezingama-756, ukusuka e-Huesca kuya e-Almería, emiphakathini eyi-6 kanye nomasipala abayi-163, sinikeza ukuminyana nokuhlukahluka ngaphandle kokulingana. UCastilla-La Mancha, onamarekhodi angama-93—79 e-Albacete, angu-12 eCuenca na-2 e-Alto Tajo—, ungumdlali obalulekile ebhalansi yendawo yempahla..

Amathiphu wokuhlela ukuvakasha kwakho

Hlola amashejuli, imithetho yokufinyelela kanye nezidingo zokubhuka; khetha izinkambo ezihunyushiwe uma zikhona; futhi basebenzise izikhungo zezivakashi zendawo kanye neminyuziyamu. Imfundo yezamagugu inguzakwethu ohamba phambili kwezokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nolwazi olucebile kulabo abavakashela lezi zindawo..

Hlela ngendawo, ushiye isikhathi semizila nemibono eduze nezindawo zokukhosela, futhi ulethe izibonakude ukuze ubuke imininingwane ngaphandle kokusondela endaweni ependiwe. Khumbula: ungathinti, ungalandeli, ungasebenzisi ukukhanya okuqinile, futhi ungashiyi noma iyiphi insalela..

Ezindaweni ezinezindawo zokukhosela ezimbalwa eziseduze—njenge-Nerpio, i-Río Vero noma i-Albarracín—, kuwumqondo omuhle ukunikezela okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa. Yile ndlela ubuciko, imvelo kanye ne-gastronomy yendawo kuhlanganiswe ngayo nokuzola nokuhlonipha indawo ezungezile.

Lolu hambo oludabula ubuciko bedwala be-arc ye-Mediterranean lwembula ifa lapho amasu, indawo kanye nenkumbulo ehlangene kuxhumene ngaphandle komthungo: amahhashi e-Paleolithic, imidanso, abacibisheli, izithixo nezimpawu ezingabonakali kuhlangana emadwaleni abekezele izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ukuvikelwa kwezomthetho, umsebenzi wesayensi, nokuvakasha okunomthwalo wemfanelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi le milobo yezinyawo iyaqhubeka nokukhuluma nathi, ngamandla afanayo, kulabo abeza ukuzolalela..