I-Ragnarök: I-Nordic Apocalypse Phakathi Kwezinganekwane, Isayensi, Nobuciko

Ikhaya » Isiko » I -Ragnarök: I-Norse Apocalypse Phakathi Kwenganekwane, Isayensi, Nobuciko

Igama elithi Ragnarök liveza ukuduma kokuphela kwezikhathi emasikweni aseNorse, kodwa futhi liqala ngendlela ehlukile ngemva kokuwa. Kulesi siqondisi, sibona lowo mkhathi wobusuku ukuze sihlanganise izinganekwane, izincazelo zesimanje, kanye nezimpawu zamasiko eziqhubeka nokuzwakala. Ukuphela nokuzalwa kabusha kuyafana endabeni eyodwa ehlanganisa amakhulu eminyaka.

Kuyo yonke le migqa, uzobona ukuthi izinkondlo zase-Iceland zasendulo zayibumba kanjani indaba, ukuthi yini eyabikezela inhlekelele, ukuthi impi yokugcina yalwiwa kanjani, nokuthi yiliphi izwe elavela ngemva kwalokho. Sizohlola nokuthi le ndaba iphinda icatshangelwe kanjani namuhla enoveli kaMariano Saura enezithombe, umsebenzi odlula ukuguqulelwa okulula. Luhambo olunolwazi, kodwa futhi oluthinta imizwa, oludlula echosheni laseNordic lokuphela.

Iyini i-Ragnarök? Incazelo nomsuka waleli gama

NgesiNorse Sakudala, i-ragna ibhekisela konkulunkulu kanye ne-rök esiphethweni, ngakho-ke i-Ragnarök iqondwa njengesiphetho sonkulunkulu. Imibhalo eyisisekelo eyichazayo yi-Poetic Edda kanye ne-Prose Edda, elandisa ngochungechunge lwezehlakalo eziphetha ngokufa kwabantu abanjengo- Odin , uThor, uFreyr, noLoki uqobo. Akusikho ukuphela kwezwe elidlule kuphela, kodwa futhi kungumkhawulo weqiniso elivuselelwe.

Kunokuba nje kube uhlu lwezinhlekelele, inganekwane iveza umbono wesikhathi ojikelezayo: ngemva kokubhujiswa, kuvela umhlaba ohlanzekile futhi abanye onkulunkulu bayabuya. Lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okubili, ukuphela kanye nesiqalo, kuchaza ukuthi kungani iRagnarök igcina ukubaluleka kwayo okungokomfanekiso. Umqondo wokuwa njengesinyathelo esidingekayo ukuya kwesinye isigaba ubalulekile.

Izimpawu ezimemezela ukuphela nokuqala kwesiphithiphithi

Konke kuqala ngezibikezelo ezingenakuphikwa. I-Fimbulvetr, ubusika obuthathu obulandelanayo obungenalo ihlobo, iletha indlala, ubudlova, kanye nokuqhekeka kwezibopho zomphakathi. Kulesi simo sokuphelelwa yithemba, izimpi zokubulalana ziyanda, futhi isibhakabhaka silahlekelwa ukukhanya kwaso lapho izimpisi uSköll noHati befika elangeni nasenyangeni. Umhlaba ungena ekukhanyeni okubonakala kungapheli.

Khona-ke umhlaba uyathuthumela futhi izibopho zezilo ziyaphuka. Impisi uFenrir iyakhululwa, inyoka yolwandle uJörmungandr iyaphuma emanzini, futhi emkhathizwe kuvela umkhumbi uNaglfar, uthwele abafileyo kanye neziqhwaga ngaphansi komyalo kaLoki. Ukuhleleka kuyawa futhi okungenakwenzeka kuyaqala.

Ngaleso sikhathi, uHeimdall uphakamisa iGjallarhorn futhi ubiza onkulunkulu nabantu abafayo. Kuyibizo lempi yokugcina: ukuhlangana kuka-Asgard ukubhekana namandla esiphithiphithi ethafeni laseVigrid. Umsindo wophondo umemezela ukungqubuzana kokugcina.

Uhlu lwezibonakaliso zokuphela luhlanganisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile zangaphambilini: ukufa kukaBalder , othandekayo ngenxa yobuhle bakhe nobumsulwa bakhe, kanye nokufa komunye ngenxa yendima yakhe kulolo bugebengu. Zombili lezi zenzakalo ziphawula iphuzu lokungabuyeli eliqala ezinye izenzakalo. Ukulinganisela kokuziphatha komhlaba kuyaphazamiseka, futhi ukuphela kwesiphelo kwenzeka ngokushesha.

Impi yaseVigrid: Ukwehla Konkulunkulu kanye Nezinqumo Ezinqumayo

E-Vígrid, amabutho ayalwa: ama-Aesir kanye nabalingani bawo belwa nama-giants, abafileyo, kanye nezidalwa zasendulo. UFreyr, ehluthwe inkemba yakhe yomlingo , ubhekene noSurtur bese ewa. U-Odin, egibele iSleipnir futhi elandelwa yizingqwele zaseValhalla, ulwa noFenrir, kodwa impisi iyamgwinya. U-Allfather uyanqotshwa, ebeka isiphetho okungekho muntu ongasishintsha.

Impindiselo iza ngokushesha. UVíðarr, indodana ka-Odin , ubamba imihlathi yempisi ngesicathulo esikhethekile bese eyihlaba, ebulala isilo. Kuwukunqoba okubuhlungu okungakuvimbeli ukuwa. Intengo yokunqoba ukuqaphela incithakalo esakazekile.

UThor ulwa nenyoka uJörmungandr empini enkulu. Ukwazile ukubulala inyoka noMjölnir, kodwa angathatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ubuthi bumthathe. Kolunye uhlangothi, uTyr unqoba i-hellhound Garm futhi uyafa ngenxa yamanxeba akhe ngemuva nje kwalokho. Amaqhawe nezilo ziyawa yonke indawo, futhi umhlabathi ugcwele izidumbu.

Ukuhlangana kukaHeimdall noLoki kuyisiphetho esibuhlungu: bobabili balimazana ngendlela ebulalayo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, besuka eningizimu, uSurtur uqhubeka nenkemba evuthayo eshisa konke ekuthintayo, okwenza umlilo ube yimbangela yokugcina yokuhlakazeka. Umlilo udla konke, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa.

Ukubhujiswa okuphelele: izinkanyezi ezidliwe, umhlaba othuthumelayo nomlilo ohlanzayo

Inhlekelele ayiyona nje impi kuphela. Izimpisi zasezulwini zidla ilanga nenyanga, izinkanyezi ziyacima, ubumnyama bugubuzela isibhakabhaka. Umhlaba uyathuthumela, izintaba nezakhiwo ziyawa, futhi izibopho ezazibambe iqiniso ziyaqhekeka. Akukho siphephelo emvelweni esikhululwayo.

Ngisho no-Yggdrasil, isihlahla somhlaba, uzwa amalangabi nokuzamazama okudlula ezindaweni eziyisishiyagalolunye. Isithombe singesomhlaba wonke olenga, ojikeleza phakathi komlilo kaSurtur namanzi azogcina egubungele konke. Indawo yonke eyaziwayo iyacwila ukuze ivule indawo yento ethile.

Okulandelayo: abasindile, ukubuya konkulunkulu, kanye nelanga elisha

Ngemva kokubhujiswa, umhlaba uphinde uvele, usemusha futhi uvundile. Emthunzini kuvela abantu ababili, uLíf noLífþasir, ababephephele ehlathini laseHóddmímir ngesikhathi senhlekelele. Yibo abazophinde bagcwalise umhlaba. Isintu asinyamalali; sivuselelwa yinhlansi encane.

Abanye onkulunkulu bayasinda noma bayabuya: UBaldr noHöðr bayabuya futhi, kanye nezinye izindlalifa zaphezulu, baqala ukwakha kabusha. Ilanga elidala linika indodakazi yakhe indawo, ekhanyisa inkathi ehlukile. Ukukhanya kuyabuya, kodwa akusikho ukukhanya okufanayo okwacinywa.

Akuzona zonke izindaba ezivumelanayo: ezinye izinguqulo ziphakamisa ukubhujiswa okuqinisekile nokungalungiseki, kanti ezinye zigcizelela isimo sokujikeleza kwalesi senzakalo. Isithombe se-ouroboros, inyoka eluma umsila wayo, sisiza ukuqonda lo mqondo ojikelezayo owuphawu lwala masiko. Ukuphela nokuqala kuthathwa njengengxenye yokunyakaza okufanayo.

I-Ragnarök ivela nini? Isiprofetho, incazelo yamanje, nengokomfanekiso

Imibhalo ikuveza njengesiprofetho esingenakugwenywa, ngaphandle kosuku oluqondile. Lokhu kungaqondakali kwesikhathi kuye kwavumela iRagnarök ukuba ifundwe njengesingathekiso semijikelezo yemvelo yokubhujiswa nokudalwa, kunokuba ifundwe njengomlando ongokoqobo. KumaNorse, ukwamukela ukuphela kwakuyingxenye yokuqonda umhlaba.

Namuhla, lokhu kuvuleleka kokuhumusha kuvumelana nokukhathazeka kwanamuhla. Kusukela ekuweni kwemvelo kuya ebuthakathakeni bokuqiniseka kwethu sonke, inganekwane inikeza ulimi olunamandla lokucabanga ngezinkinga kanye nokuguqulwa. Ukubaluleka okuhlala njalo kweRagnarök kusekukwazini kwayo ukubiza lokho esikuzwayo.

Kwenzeka kuphi? Imihlaba eyisishiyagalolunye eyanyakaziswa yinhlekelele

I-cosmology yamaNorse ichaza imihlaba eyisishiyagalolunye exhumene. Ngesikhathi seRagnarök, ayikho esala ingalimele, futhi ithafa laseVígrid liba yindawo yokulwa. Umlilo namanzi kuqeda yonke indawo.

• Asgard: umbuso we-Aesir, onkulunkulu bokuhleleka nempucuko, no-Odin ekhanda.
• Midgard: umhlaba wabantu, oxhunywe ku-Asgard ngebhuloho lothingo i-Bifröst.
• UJotunheim: indawo yeziqhwaga (Jotnar), izimbangi eziphindaphindayo zonkulunkulu.
• Vanaheim: ikhaya leVanir, izithixo zokuzala, ukuhlakanipha nombono wekusasa.
• alfheim: indawo yokuhlala yama-elves akhanyayo, ahlotshaniswa nobuhle nomlingo.
• I-Svartalfheim o I-Nidavellir: izwe lama-dwarves nama-elves amnyama, ochwepheshe be-forge.
• niflheim: indawo eyiqhwa yeqhwa nenkungu, exhunywe kwabafileyo.
• I-Muspelheim: umbuso womlilo obuswa uSurtur kanye nezimpi zakhe ezivuthayo.
• UHelheim: indawo yokuhlala kankulunkulukazi uHel, indawo yalabo abangafi empini.

Isenzo sivela kulezi zindawo: ukuwela iBifröst, ukubonakala kweNaglfar, ukuhlangana eVígrid, kanye nokubhujiswa ngamalangabi nokucwiliswa. Lonke uhlelo lwezwe luhilelekile ekuweni.

Umthelela wamasiko nokufundwa kwezemfundo: kusuka kwezobuciko kuya kusayensi yezulu yomlando

I-Ragnarök ithonye izincwadi, amahlaya, amafilimu, kanye nemidlalo yevidiyo. Inhlanganisela yayo yobukhulu obudabukisayo kanye nethemba lokuphindukuzalwa kabusha kuyenza ibe yinganekwane yendawo yonke. Ezifundweni zemfundo ephakeme, izifundo zokuqhathanisa ezifana nalezo zika-Anders Hultgård zihlola ukufana kwayo kanye nokucaciswa kwayo emcabangweni waseScandinavia. Sibhekene nendaba echaza incazelo, ubuwena, kanye nobuhle.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo luye lwanda: ukuxhumana phakathi kweFimbulvetr nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ngo-536 AD, okungenye yezikhathi zobusika ezimbi kakhulu ezirekhodiwe ngenxa yomthelela wayo emhlabeni wonke. Ucwaningo lwe-dendrochronological eDenmark lubonisa izindandatho ze-oki ezingenakho ukukhula phakathi kuka-539 no-541 AD, okubonisa ukuwa okukhulu kwezolimo. Lapho izihlahla zingakhuli, amasimu nawo ahluleka ukukhiqiza izitshalo.

Lokhu kushaqeka kwesimo sezulu kwahambisana nezinguquko zamasiko ezatholwa abavubukuli: ukubonakala kwengcebo yegolide ehlatshelwe onkulunkulu befuna impumuzo, kanye nokwanda okungenzeka kokutshalwa kwe-rye, okusanhlamvu okuqinile okwakungaqinisekisa isinkwa ezikhathini ezimbi. Inkumbulo yenhlekelele kungenzeka ukuthi yahlala ezinganekwaneni mayelana nobusika obungapheli.

Ngaphandle kokuthola ukulingana okuqondile, idatha eshicilelwe kuyi-Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports futhi esakazwa amaqembu avela kwiNational Museum of Denmark isikisela ukuthi ubusika obude bentaba-mlilo bushiye iminonjana ejulile yabantu kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okwedlulele kuhambisana nezici zeFimbulvetr njengoba kuchaziwe ku-Eddas. Izinganekwane zingaba nokuphindaphinda okunengqondo kokuhlukumezeka okuhlangene.

U-Ragnarök Ucatshangelwe kabusha: I-Graphic Trilogy ka-Mariano Saura

Kukhona incazelo yesimanje engadingi ukuphinda inganekwane, kodwa ukuyihlola ngaphakathi. Ezandleni zikaMariano Saura, iRagnarök iba ukuzindla okubonakalayo ngokuwa, ukuguqulwa, kanye nokulahlekelwa, okuhlanganiswe ndawonye ngezenzo ezintathu ezihlanganiswe ohlelweni oluphelele olubuyekeziwe nolwandisiwe. Kuyincwadi yokuphela kwenkathi kanye nokuqiniseka okubhidlikayo.

Lapha, u-Odin akayena usosayensi ongenaphutha, kodwa indoda endala ephuphuthekiswe ukuziqhenya kwayo; uThor akabonakali njengeqhawe elingenaphutha, kodwa njengeqhawe elikhathele elithwele umthwalo wekusasa lalo; futhi uLoki akabe nje ungumkhohlisi, eveza ukungaqondakali okuphonsela inselelo noma yikuphi ukuhleleka okumisiwe. Ukwenziwa konkulunkulu abantu kuvula imifantu lapho ukungabaza kungena khona.

Ithoni akuyona eye-epic yakudala noma ye-adrenaline eqhubekayo. Indaba ibeka phambili isigqi sangaphakathi kunesimangaliso, futhi ikhasi ngalinye limema umfundi ukuthi ame. Luhambo lokuzihlola oluhamba emgqeni wethunzi lomhlaba, okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlwa lapho isiphetho sithokozelwa, sicatshangelwe, futhi sihlanganiswa khona. Sifundwa ngamehlo nangokuthula phakathi kwamaphaneli.

Ngokubukeka, izingoma zibeka phambili imizwa ngaphezu kwenani lokushaqeka. Lo mbhalo uveza ukuthula okushubile ngaphambi kokuwa kanye nobuthakathaka balokho okwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungunaphakade, kufana namahlaya aseYurophu kodwa kwakha ulimi lwawo olungokomfanekiso nolushukumisayo. Impi ngokwayo ayibalulekile kunesimo sengqondo esizungezile.

Incwadi ixoxa nomfundi wayo. Ayipheli ngokufundwa kokuqala: ikumema ukuthi ubuye, ulandele izimpawu futhi wembule izingqimba zencazelo ezibekwe ngaphezulu. Kulokhu kufundwa kabusha, kuphakama imibuzo ethinta inhliziyo namuhla: yini esele lapho okuqinile kubhidlika, futhi singobani thina uma kungekho nkulunkulu esingamqondisa kuye imithandazo yethu? Inganekwane isebenza njengesibuko sezinkinga zethu.

Ukufundwa okuhlobene nezinhlobo zabafundi

Le mibhalo emithathu iheha kakhulu labo abajabulela imisebenzi lapho izinganekwane zihlangana khona nefilosofi kanye nezinkondlo. Uma ukhangwa yizinganekwane ezihunyushwe kabusha, inganekwane yabantu abadala, kanye nokuxoxa izindaba ezingokomfanekiso, lena yindawo yokuhlangana nawe. Umsebenzi onomphefumulo wobuciko kanye nombono ovuthiwe.

• USandmannguNeil Gaiman
• Northlanders, nguBrian Wood
• I-Promethea, ngu-Alan Moore
• Izilo, ngu-Barry Windsor-Smith

Ngaphakathi kwaleli qoqo lezinkomba, i-Ragnarök kaSaura inikeza indlela yayo ehlukile, engagxili kakhulu esenzweni kodwa egxile kakhulu esisindweni esingokomfanekiso sesenzo ngasinye. Labo abafuna ukufunda okuhlukile, okucabanga kakhulu bazozizwa besekhaya.

Abalingiswa nezimpawu ezakha inganekwane

UFenrir, impisi edla unkulunkulu, umele amandla angalawulwa asendle; uJörmungandr umele umjikelezo ocindezelayo womhlaba; iSurtur ngumlilo obhubhisa futhi ohlanza; amaNorn amele isiphetho; kanye noYggdrasil, iwebhu exhumanisa amazinga e-cosmos. Lezi zibalo zifingqa imibono yokuhleleka, isiphithiphithi, kanye nesiphetho.

USköll noHati, izimpisi ezixosha izinkanyezi, zimelela ukuphela kokukhanya; uVíðarr nesicathulo sakhe bamelela impendulo ethule nephumelelayo ekulahlekelweni; uBaldr noHöðr bamelela ukubuya kokukhanya ngemva kobusuku. Ama-ouroboros yisithombe sengqondo salokhu kuphenduka kwesondo. Ulimi lwenkondlo luthembele ezibalweni umfundi azikhumbula kalula.

Enhliziyweni yakho konke, iFimbulvetr isebenza njengesisusa: ubusika obungalawuleki obuphazamisa isivuno, amasiko, kanye nokulindela, bucindezela amadolobhana afinyelele imingcele yawo. Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu siphinde sibe yindaba yezenhlalo nengokomoya.

I-Ragnarök Okwamanje: Ukufaneleka, Ubunikazi Nomcabango

Ngaphandle kokuchazwa kwayo ngokoqobo, i-Ragnarök isisiza siqonde ukuthi amandla, isibindi, kanye nobuthakathaka kwacatshangwa kanjani eNyakatho Yurophu. Ibilokhu ingumthombo wokuphefumulela ubuciko, izincwadi, kanye neziphakamiso zefilosofi ezihlola umkhawulo kanye nokuvuselelwa. Ukungaphelelwa yisikhathi kwayo kuchaza ukuthi kungani ibuyela engxoxweni kaninginingi.

Ezweni elishintsha ngokushesha, umbuzo wokuthi yini esindayo ekuweni kwethu komuntu siqu kanye nokweqembu usabalulekile. Impendulo enikezwa yisiko iyadinga kodwa inethemba: ukusha nokuvuka futhi. Ukuqina kungumyalezo ophelele odlula enganekwaneni.

Ngakho-ke, i-Ragnarök akuyona nje incazelo yenhlekelele, kodwa iwuhlaka lokuzindla ngencazelo yokulahlekelwa nokwakhiwa kabusha. Ukuchazwa kabusha kukaSaura nakho kudonsela kulokhu kungezwani, kusikhumbuza ukuthi ngisho nonkulunkulu, ekuweni kwabo, basifundisa okuthile ngathi. Ukuphela nakho kuyindlela yolwazi.

Lokho esikubiza ngokuthi iRagnarök kuhlanganisa ama-alamu, isiphithiphithi, impi, umlilo, ukucwila, kanye nokuzalwa kabusha, kodwa futhi nezincazelo zesimanje ezixhumanisa izincwadi, isayensi, kanye nobuciko. Amandla ale nganekwane asemandleni ayo okusisekela lapho umhlaba uthuthumela futhi sidinga ukucabanga ngendlela yokuphuma. Ngisho nasebusuku obumnyama kakhulu, isithembiso sekusasa elihlukile siyadlula.