I-Ragnarök: I-Nordic Apocalypse Phakathi Kwezinganekwane, Isayensi, Nobuciko

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Igama elithi Ragnarök livusa ukubhonga kwe ukuphela kwezikhathi ngokwesiko lamaNordic, kodwa futhi nesiqalo esihlukile ngemva kokuwa. Kulo mhlahlandlela, silunguza kulowo mkhathi wokuhwalala ukuze sihlanganise izinganekwane, izincazelo zesimanjemanje, nemikhondo yamasiko eqhubeka nokuzwakala. Isiphetho nokuzalwa kabusha kuhambisana endabeni efanayo ethatha amakhulu eminyaka..

Kuyo yonke le migqa, uzobona ukuthi izinkondlo zase-Icelandic zasendulo ziyilolonga kanjani indaba, yiziphi izibikezelo ezifanekisela inhlekelele, ukuthi impi yokugcina iliwa kanjani, nokuthi yimuphi umhlaba ovela ngemva kwalokho. Sizophinde sibheke ukuthi le ndaba iphinde yacatshangelwa kanjani namuhla kumahlaya ka-Mariano Saura, isiphakamiso esidlula ukuzivumelanisa nokulula. Kuwuhambo olufundisayo, kodwa futhi oluthinta imizwa, phakathi kwe-echo yaseNordic yokuphela.

Iyini i-Ragnarök? Incazelo nomsuka waleli gama

E-Old Norse, i-ragna ibhekisela konkulunkulu kanye ne-rök esiphethweni, ngakho-ke i-Ragnarök iqondwa njengesiphetho sonkulunkulu. Imibhalo eyisisekelo eyichazayo i-Poetic Edda kanye ne-Prose Edda, elandisa ngochungechunge lwezehlakalo ezifinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokufa kwezibalo ezifana nalezi. Odin, uThor, uFreyr noma uLoki ngokwakhe. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuvalwa kwezwe langaphambilini, kodwa futhi umngcele weqiniso elivuselelwe..

Kunokuba ibe uhlu olulula lwezinhlekelele, inganekwane iveza umbono ojikelezayo wesikhathi: ngemva kokubhujiswa, kuvela izwe elihlanzekile, futhi abanye onkulunkulu bayabuya. Lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okuphindwe kabili, ukuphela nokuqala, kuchaza ukuthi kungani i-Ragnarök igcina ukuhambisana kwayo okungokomfanekiso. Umqondo wokuwa njengesinyathelo esidingekayo sokuya kwesinye isigaba uphakathi.

Izimpawu ezimemezela ukuphela nokuqala kwesiphithiphithi

Konke kuqala ngamabika angenakuphikiswa. I-Fimbulvetr, ubusika obuthathu obulandelanayo ngaphandle kwehlobo, iletha indlala, ubudlova, nokuwohloka kobudlelwane bomphakathi. Kulesi simo sokuphelelwa ithemba, izimpi zamazwe ahlukene ziyanda, futhi umkhathi ulahlekelwa ukukhanya kwawo lapho izimpisi iSköll neHati zidlula ilanga nenyanga. Izwe lingena ebumnyameni okungathi abupheli..

Khona-ke umhlaba uyazamazama futhi izibopho zezilo ziyaphuka. Impisi Fenrir Inyoka yasolwandle i-Jörmungandr ikhululwa emanzini futhi emkhathizwe umkhumbi uNaglfar uvela, uthwele abafileyo kanye nama-giants ngaphansi komyalo kaLoki. I-oda liyaphuka futhi okungenakwenzeka kuyaqala..

Ngaleso sikhathi, UHeimdall uphakamisa iGjallarhorn futhi ibiza onkulunkulu nabantu. Kungamasamanisi empi yokugcina: ukuqoqwa kwe-Asgard ukuze abhekane namabutho e-Chaos ethafeni laseVigrid. Ukukhala kwecilongo kusandulela ukungqubuzana kokugcina..

Uhlu lwama-harbinger okuphela luhlanganisa izehlakalo ezibalulekile zangaphambilini: i ukufa kukaBalder, othandwa kakhulu ngobuhle nobumsulwa bakhe, nangeqhaza lakhe kulobo bugebengu. Yomibili imicimbi iphawula iphuzu lokungabuyi elixhumanisa yonke eminye imicimbi. Ukulinganisela kokuziphatha kwezwe kuphukile futhi umphumela uyashesha.

Impi yaseVigrid: Ukwehla Konkulunkulu kanye Nezinqumo Ezinqumayo

E-Vígrid amabutho awela: i-Aesir kanye nabalingani bawo ngokumelene neziqhwaga, izidalwa ezifile nezindala. UFreyr, ukhiphe inkemba yakhe yomlingo, abhekane no-Surtur futhi awe. U-Odin, ogibele iSleipnir alandelwe ngompetha baseValhalla, ulwa noFenrir, kodwa udliwe impisi. Ubaba wabo bonke uyanqotshwa, ubeka uphawu isiphetho okungekho muntu ongasishintsha..

Ukuziphindiselela kuza ngokushesha. UVíðarr, indodana ka-OdinAbambe imihlathi yempisi ngebhuzu elikhethekile alibhoboze, aqedele isilo. Kuwukunqoba okubuhlungu okungakuvimbi ukubhidlika. Intengo yokunqoba ukugcwaliseka kwencithakalo evamile.

UThor ulwa no inyoka uJörmungandr empini enzima. Uyakwazi ukushaya inyoka noMjölnir, kodwa angaqhubekela phambili izinyathelo ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ubuthi bubulale impilo yakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uTyr unqoba i-helhound Garm futhi ushona emanxebeni akhe ngemuva nje kwalokho. Amaqhawe nezilo ziwela yonke indawo futhi umhlabathi ugcwele imizimba..

Ukuhlangana phakathi kuka-Heimdall no-Loki kuwuvuthondaba oludabukisayo: bobabili balimazana ngokufa. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusuka eningizimu, u-Surtur uthuthukela ngenkemba evuthayo ethungela yonke into eyithintayo, okwenza umlilo ube umenzeli omkhulu wokuhlakaza. Umlilo udla yonke into, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa.

Ukubhujiswa okuphelele: izinkanyezi ezidliwe, umhlaba othuthumelayo nomlilo ohlanzayo

Inhlekelele akuyona nje impi. Izimpisi zasezulwini zishwabadela ilanga nenyanga, izinkanyezi ziyaphuma, futhi ubumnyama bunqoba isibhakabhaka. Umhlaba uyazamazama, izintaba nezakhiwo ziyabhidlika, futhi izibopho eziqinisa iqiniso ziyanqamuka. Akukho ukuphephela emvelweni engalawuleki..

Ngisho ne-Yggdrasil, iSihlahla Somhlaba, sizwa amalangabi nokundindizela okudlula ezindaweni eziyisishiyagalolunye. Isithombe ngele-cosmos yonke emisiwe, ezungeza phakathi komlilo we-Surtur namanzi azogcina emboze yonke into. Umkhathi owaziwayo uyabhidlika ukuze wenzele enye indlela indlela.

Okulandelayo: abasindile, ukubuya konkulunkulu, kanye nelanga elisha

Ngemva kwencithakalo, izwe liyavela futhi, lincane futhi livundile. Ethunzini kubonakala abantu ababili, uLíf noLífþasir, bekhoseliswe ehlathini laseHóddmímir phakathi nenhlekelele. Bayoba yibo abazogcwalisa umhlaba kabusha. Ubuntu abushabalali, buvuswa yinhlansi encane..

Abanye onkulunkulu bayasinda noma babuye: U-Baldr no-Höðr Bayabuya futhi, kanye nezinye izindlalifa zaphezulu, benza umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha. Ilanga elidala lishiya indawo yalo endodakazini yalo, ekhanyisa inkathi ehlukile. Isibani siyabuya, kodwa akufani nangesikhathi sicisha..

Akuwona wonke ama-akhawunti avumayo: ezinye izinguqulo ziphakamisa ukubhujiswa okuqinisekile okungenambuyiselo, kuyilapho abanye begcizelela umjikelezo. Isithombe se-ouroboros, inyoka eluma umsila wayo, isiza ukuqonda ingqondo eyindilinga eyisici sala masiko. Isiphetho nesiqalo kucatshangwa njengengxenye yokunyakaza okufanayo.

I-Ragnarök ivela nini? Isiprofetho, incazelo yamanje, nengokomfanekiso

Imibhalo isethula njengesiprofetho esingenakugwenywa, esingenasuku olumisiwe. Lokhu kungaqondakali kwesikhashana kuye kwavumela i-Ragnarök ukuthi ifundwe njengesingathekiso semijikelezo yemvelo yokucekela phansi nokudala, kunokuba ifundwe njengomlando ongokoqobo. KumaNorse, ukwamukela ukuphela kwakuyingxenye yokuqonda umhlaba..

Namuhla, lokhu kuvuleka kokuhumusha kusebenzisana nokukhathazeka kwesimanje. Ukusuka ekuwohlokeni kwemvelo kuye ebuthakathakeni beziqinisekiso zethu ezihlangene, inganekwane inikeza ulimi olunamandla lokucabanga ngezinkinga nezinguquko. Ukufaneleka kwe-Ragnarök kusekwazini kwayo ukusho lokho esikuzwayo..

Kwenzeka kuphi? Imihlaba eyisishiyagalolunye eyanyakaziswa yinhlekelele

I-cosmology yamaNorse ibonisa imihlaba eyisishiyagalolunye exhumene. Phakathi neRagnarök, akekho osala engenamyocu, futhi ithafa laseVígrid liba indawo yokubuthanela impi. Umlilo namanzi kuvala ikhethini kuyo yonke i-cosmos..

• Asgard: umbuso we-Aesir, onkulunkulu bokuhleleka nempucuko, no-Odin ekhanda.
• Midgard: umhlaba wabantu, oxhunywe ku-Asgard ngebhuloho lothingo i-Bifröst.
• UJotunheim: indawo yeziqhwaga (Jotnar), izimbangi eziphindaphindayo zonkulunkulu.
• Vanaheim: ikhaya leVanir, izithixo zokuzala, ukuhlakanipha nombono wekusasa.
• alfheim: indawo yokuhlala yama-elves akhanyayo, ahlotshaniswa nobuhle nomlingo.
• I-Svartalfheim o I-Nidavellir: izwe lama-dwarves nama-elves amnyama, ochwepheshe be-forge.
• niflheim: indawo eyiqhwa yeqhwa nenkungu, exhunywe kwabafileyo.
• I-Muspelheim: umbuso womlilo obuswa uSurtur kanye nezimpi zakhe ezivuthayo.
• UHelheim: indawo yokuhlala kankulunkulukazi uHel, indawo yalabo abangafi empini.

Isenzo senzeka phakathi kwalezi zindiza: ukuwela i-Bifrost, ukubonakala kweNaglfar, umhlangano e-Vígrid nokubhujiswa ngamalangabi nokucwiliswa emanzini. Lonke uhlelo lwemihlaba luhilelekile ekuweni.

Umthelela wamasiko nokufundwa kwezemfundo: kusuka kwezobuciko kuya kusayensi yezulu yomlando

U-Ragnarök ube nomthelela ezincwadini, amahlaya, ifilimu, nemidlalo yevidiyo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwayo kobukhulu obudabukisayo nethemba lokuphindukuzalwa kuyenza inganekwane yokufinyelela indawo yonke. Ngaphambili kwezemfundo, izifundo zokuqhathanisa ezifana nalezo zika-Anders Hultgård zihlola ukufana kwayo kanye nokucaciswa kwayo ngaphakathi komcabango waseScandinavia. Sibhekene nendaba echaza incazelo, ubuwena kanye nobuhle..

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo luye lwazuza amandla: ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Fimbulvetr kanye nesenzakalo sentaba-mlilo sango-536 AD, obunye bobusika obubi kakhulu emlandweni womthelela wako womhlaba. Uphenyo lwe-Dendrochronological e-Denmark lubonisa izindandatho ze-oki ezingenakho ukukhula phakathi kuka-539 no-541, okubonisa ukuwa okukhulu kwezolimo. Lapho izihlahla zingakhuli, amasimu nawo awazange athele..

Lokhu kushaqeka kwesimo sezulu kuhambisana nezinguquko zamasiko ezitholwe abavubukuli: ukuvela kwengcebo yegolide ehlatshelwe onkulunkulu befuna impumuzo kanye nokwanda okungenzeka kokutshalwa kwe-rye, okusanhlamvu okuqinile okwakunganikeza isinkwa ngezikhathi ezinzima. Inkumbulo yenhlekelele ingase ihlale ezinganekwaneni mayelana nobusika obungapheli.

Ngaphandle kokufuna ukulingana okuqondile, idatha eshicilelwe ku-Journal of Archaeological Science: Imibiko futhi ekhishwe amaqembu avela ku-National Museum of Denmark iphakamisa ukuthi ubusika bentaba-mlilo obude bushiye imikhondo ejulile yabantu kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okwedlulele kuhambisana nezici ze-Fimbulvetr ezibikwe ku-Eddas. Izinganekwane zingabamba ukunanela okuzwakalayo kokuhlukumezeka okuhlangene.

U-Ragnarök Ucatshangelwe kabusha: I-Graphic Trilogy ka-Mariano Saura

Kukhona incazelo yesimanje engafuni ukuphinda inganekwane, kodwa kunalokho ukuyibuka ngaphakathi. Ezandleni zikaMariano Saura, u-Ragnarök uba ukuzindla okubonakalayo kokuwa, ukuguqulwa, nokulahlekelwa, okuhlanganiswe ngezenzo ezintathu kuhlelo olubanzi olubuyekeziwe nolwandisiwe. Kuyi-elegy yokuphela kwenkathi kanye neziqinisekiso eziwohlokayo.

Lapha, u-Odin akasona isihlakaniphi esingenakuphikiswa, kodwa ikhehla eliphuphuthekiswe ukuziqhenya kwalo; U-Thor akabonakali njengeqhawe elingenaphutha, kodwa njengeqhawe elikhathele elisindwa yisiphetho salo; futhi u-Loki uyeka ukuba iqili ukuze aveze ukungaqondakali okubuza noma imuphi umyalelo osumisiwe. Ukwenziwa kwabantu konkulunkulu kuvula imifantu lapho ukungabaza kungena khona.

Iphimbo akulona elodumo lwakudala noma ukujaha okungapheli kwe-adrenaline. Indaba exoxwayo ibeka kuqala isigqi sangaphakathi kunobuhle, futhi ikhasi ngalinye likumema ukuthi ume kancane. Uhambo lokuzicabangela emugqeni wethunzi womhlaba, okuhlangenwe nakho kwasekuhwaleleni lapho isiphetho simnandi, sicatshangwa, futhi sifaniswa khona. Ifundwa ngamehlo kanye nokuthula phakathi kwama-vignettes.

Ngokubukeka, izingoma zifuna imizwa esikhundleni somphumela omangalisayo. Imigqa ivusa ukuzola okushubile ngaphambi kokuwohloka kanye nokuba ntekenteke kwalokho obekucatshangwa ukuthi kungunaphakade, enanelo yamahlaya ase-Europe kodwa ephakamisa ulimi oluhlukile, olungokomfanekiso, noluvusa inkanuko. Ukulwa akubalulekile kakhulu kunesimo sezulu esizungezile..

Incwadi ifaka umfundi wayo ezingxoxweni. Akugcini ngokufundwa kokuqala: kucela ukuthi kuphinde kufundwe, ukulandelela izimpawu nokuthola izingqimba zencazelo ezigqagqene. Lokhu kufundwa kabusha kuphakamisa imibuzo esazibuza yona namuhla: yini esalayo lapho ukuqina kubhidlika, futhi singobani lapho engekho unkulunkulu esizothandaza kuye? Inganekwane isebenza njengesibuko sezinkinga zethu.

Ukufundwa okuhlobene nezinhlobo zabafundi

Le trilogy iyathandeka ikakhulukazi kulabo abajabulela imisebenzi lapho inganekwane ihlangana nefilosofi nezinkondlo. Uma ukhangwa izinganekwane ezihunyushwe kabusha, inganekwane yabantu abadala, kanye nendaba engokomfanekiso, kunephuzu lomhlangano lapha. Kuyisiphakamiso esinomphefumulo wobuciko kanye nombono wabantu abadala..

• USandmannguNeil Gaiman
• Northlanders, nguBrian Wood
• I-Promethea, ngu-Alan Moore
• Izilo, ngu-Barry Windsor-Smith

Ngaphakathi kwalolu chungechunge lwezikhombo, i-Ragnarök ka-Saura inikeza indlela yayo, engagxili kakhulu esenzweni futhi ngesisindo esingokomfanekiso sokuthinta ngakunye. Noma ubani ofuna ukufunda okuhlukile nokucabangayo uzozizwa esekhaya..

Abalingiswa nezimpawu ezakha inganekwane

I-Fenrir, impisi eshwabadela unkulunkulu, imelela ukuchichima kwasendle; I-Jörmungandr ihlanganisa umbuthano ocindezela umhlaba; I-Surtur ingumlilo obhubhisa futhi ohlanza; amaNorns ahlanganisa isiphetho; kanye ne-Yggdrasil, indwangu exhumanisa amazinga omkhathi. Ziyizibalo ezihlanganisa imibono yokuhleleka, isiphithiphithi kanye nesiphetho..

USköll noHati, izimpisi ezilandela izinkanyezi, zihlanganisa ukuphela kokukhanya; I-Víðarr kanye nebhuthi yakhe imelela impendulo engasho lutho nesebenzayo ekulahlekelweni; U-Baldr no-Höðr bafanekisela ukubuya kokukhanya ngemva kobusuku. I-ouroboros isithombe esisengqondweni salokho kuphenduka kwesondo. Ulimi olusankondlo luncike ezibalweni umfundi azikhumbula kalula..

Enhliziyweni yakho konke, i-Fimbulvetr isebenza njengesiqalo: ubusika obungalawuleki obuphazamisa ukuvuna, amasiko, kanye nokulindela, ukuphoqa abantu emikhawulweni yabo. Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu futhi siyidrama yezenhlalo nezomoya.

I-Ragnarök Okwamanje: Ukufaneleka, Ubunikazi Nomcabango

Ngale kwencazelo yayo engokoqobo, i-Ragnarök isisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi amandla, isibindi, kanye nokuba ntekenteke kwakucatshangwa kanjani eNyakatho Yurophu. Kube ngumthombo wobuciko, izincwadi, neziphakamiso zefilosofi ezihlola ukuphela nokuvuselelwa. Ukungaphelelwa yisikhathi kwayo kuchaza ukuthi kungani ibuyela engxoxweni kaningi..

Emhlabeni obhekene noshintsho olusheshayo, umbuzo wokuthi yini esindayo ekuwohlokeni kwethu siqu nokuqoqiwe usaphila. Impendulo ephakanyiswa ngokwesiko inzima kodwa inethemba: ukushisa nokuhluma futhi. Ukuqina kuwumyalezo wokugcina odlula enganekwaneni.

Ngakho, i-Ragnarök ayiyona nje incazelo yenhlekelele, kodwa uhlaka lokucabangela incazelo yokulahlekelwa nokwakhiwa kabusha. Lokhu kushuba kuyasazisa nokuhunyushwa kabusha kukaSaura, kusikhumbuza ukuthi ngisho nonkulunkulu, lapho bewa, basifundisa okuthile ngathi. Isiphetho siwuhlobo lolwazi.

Esikubiza ngokuthi i-Ragnarök kuletha ndawonye izimpawu, isiphithiphithi, impi, umlilo, ukuwa, nokuzalwa kabusha, kodwa nezincazelo zamanje ezixhumanisa izincwadi, isayensi, nobuciko. Amandla ale nganekwane asemandleni ayo okusiphelezela lapho umhlaba unyakaza futhi kudingeka sicabange indlela yokuphuma. Ngisho nasebusuku obumnyama kakhulu, isithembiso sokushaywa kwasekuseni okuhlukile..