I-Dvorovoi kanye Nendawo Yonke YamaSlavic: Kusukela Egcekeni Kuya EPhantheon Yonkulunkulu

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Enhliziyweni yenganekwane yamaSlavic kuhlala imimoya yasekhaya kanye nenkundla ebukayo, esabisayo, exwayisa futhi ejezisa ngokokuziphatha komuntu, okugqamayo phakathi kwayo. Dvorovoi, umqaphi wegceke kanye ne-corral. Izibalo ezihlobene njenge-domovoi, i-bannik, ne-ovinnik ziyazungeza, zakha imephu eseduze yezinkolelo zansuku zonke mayelana nokunakekela ikhaya, imfuyo, imijikelezo yonyaka, nokuphilisana nokungabonakali.

Ngale kwasekhaya, lawa masiko ashuthekwa ekubukeni komhlaba lapho onkulunkulu abaphakeme, imimoya yemvelo, kanye nezindaba zemvelaphi kuhlangana khona, eziqoqwe kusuka kubalandi bezikhathi zasendulo kuya ezifundweni zesimanje. Ngakho-ke Ukuhlola i-Dvorovoi kusho nokuqonda i-domovoi evikelayo, imikhosi, imingcele, onkulunkulu nezinganekwane eyalolonga okuhlangenwe nakho okungcwele kwamaSlav asendulo.

Ubani uDvorovoi?

I-Dvorovoi ingumoya wegceke, ipulazi, kanye nezikhala ezizungeze indawo yokuhlala yabalimi, isikhala esiphakathi phakathi kwekhaya eliseduze namasimu. Kubhekwa njenge eliqinile futhi eliguquguqukayo kune-domovoi enomusa, njengoba indawo yakhona ingavikelekile futhi isobala kakhulu. Ituswa ngakho kokubili ukuqapha izilwane nempahla nokudlala amahlaya angokoqobo lapho iphathwa kabi.

Ukuba khona kwakhe kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlelwa kwe-corral, ukunakekelwa kwemfuyo encane kanye nentshiseko ethile yokuhleleka kwalokho okusele ngaphandle kwendlu. Ezindaweni lapho ihhashi lalibalulekile, kwakungeyona into engavamile ukusola i-Dvorovoi ngakho Imigilingwane yasebusuku ngezintambo, amafindo kumane noma ethusayo ekuseni; kokunye wayebongwa ngokugcina abangeneleli kude negceke.

Ukuze ube naye ohlangothini lwakho, iminikelo enobuhlakani yamukelekile embundwini noma eduze kwesitebele: imvuthuluka yesinkwa, usawoti noma ubisiNjengakweminye imimoya yasekhaya, indelelo ingase ivuse intukuthelo yayo, into isiko elayixazulula ngamazwi anenhlonipho nangezandla ezithokomele.

I-Domovoi: umkhulu wekhaya

Yaziwa kangcono kune-Dvorovoi, i-Domovoi ingumoya womqaphi wendlu yabalimi noma i-izba. Uhlanganyela endaweni ephephile yekhaya nomkhaya futhi, nakuba ngokuvamile engabonakali, ngezinye izikhathi angase ashiye uphawu lwakhe noma azenze aziwe naye. ukuhleba, ukugwaza, nezimpawu zasebusukuLapho ezibonisa, uthatha isimo sekhehla elifushane elimpunga, izinwele ezingcolile nentshebe, amehlo akhanyayo, nomzimba ombozwe izinwele ezithambile, ngisho nasezintendeni zezinyawo nasematheni ezinyawo, azigqoka zingagqoke izicathulo.

Umsebenzi wawo ukuvikela ikhaya, umndeni kanye nempahla yabo, ngokugcizelela ngokukhethekile ukunakekela imfuyo nezinkukhuUthanda kakhulu amahhashi anombala othile, awakama, awabhulashi, futhi awadlise ebusuku; labo angathandi angakwazi ukuzigibela kuze kuse, abaqede amandla. Ngakho-ke, kwakutuseka ukuthola umbala awuthandayo futhi umethule esilwaneni esisha ngasinye ngomkhosi omncane.

I-domovoi iphinde ixwayise ngezingozi: uma kwenzeka umlilo noma ukuphanga ebusuku, uvusa izakhamuzi ngokuthinta ubuso bazo ngezandla zakhe ezinoboya. Uma kwenzeka ishwa, eyakhe Isililo simemezela ukugula noma ukufa womuntu oseduze; kungase kubonakale ngisho nasesithunzini senhloko yomkhaya, njengebika. Ngaphambi kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe noma izimpi, ama-domovois esigodini kuthiwa ayebuthana ngaphandle kwedolobhana ukuze akhale futhi alile.

Njengokubonakaliswa kokhokho bomndeni, i-domovoi kufanele iphathwe ngenhlonipho neminikelo: i-dinner encane ishiywe ukuze adle ngaphambi kokuba enze imisebenzi yakhe yasekhaya, futhi ukhulunywe naye ngenhlonipho. Uma engahlonishwa, iqala ukwephula izinto, ukwethusa noma ukwembula kwabakhileyo endlini. Uma eyeqisa, ukukhuza okuthambile kwanele ukumehlisa umoya, ngaphandle kwasezikhathini ezibucayi.

Umhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana wusuku oluyinkinga kakhulu kwamanye amasiko, njengoba kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-domovoi yancibilika futhi yaba irascible. Ngalolo suku, kwatuswa ukuba kugcinwe izinkomo ngaphansi kwesembozo futhi hlala ekhaya ngaphandle kokulunguza ngamafasitela kusukela ekuseni kuze kube phakathi kwamabili.

Amasiko, iminikelo kanye nezinsuku ezibucayi

Ukushukuma komzimba kwansuku zonke kwakha ubudlelwano nemimoya yasekhaya. Ku-domovoi, ukushiya ucezu lwesinkwa, isitsha sobisi, noma ingcosana kasawoti ekhoneni abalithandayo kwaqinisekisa isivumelwano sokuzivikela. Ngezinsuku zemikhosi, njengobusuku buka-Ivan Kupala (phakathi nehlobo), lezi zimpawu zazenziwa. ukuhlanza ikhaya ngokwesiko kanye nezicelo zezibusiso zekhaya nomndeni.

Kwezinye izindawo, isiko elingokomfanekiso lokukama intshebe ye-domovoi lalondolozwa, okuyisenzo senhlonipho okwakukholelwa ukuthi siqinisa intando yakhe yokuvikela indlu. Lesi simiso sokuziphatha esingcwele sadlulela nakweminye imimoya: i-bannik, umoya wendlu yokugezela, yayicasulwa abantu ababegeza ngemva kwaphakathi kwamabili, futhi noma ubani owayesishaya indiva isixwayiso wayezifaka engozini. ebanjwe umoya wendlu yokugezela, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwemithandazo efanele.

Ukunyakaza, Izingxabano, kanye nokuthi Ungammema Kanjani Futhi

Lapho umkhaya othile uthutha, kwadingeka uhambe ne-domovoi yawo. Ukunyakaza okufanele kwakudinga umkhosi onama-overtones obuhedeni: owesifazane omdala wayethwala amalahle esuka esitofini esidala aye eziko elisha, lapho abanye belinda khona ngokuhlelekile. Kungale ndlela kuphela umoya wasekhaya wamukela indlu entsha njengeyakhe futhi wamvikela kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.

Izindlu ezingomakhelwane zazingahlali ngokuthula ngaso sonke isikhathi: i-domovoi yeba izinto komakhelwane uma ibona kudingekile endlini yayo, okubangela ukulwa phakathi kwemimoya evela ezindlini ezingomakhelwaneKwesinye isikhathi omunye wayekhipha omunye athathe indawo yakhe, abangele lonke uhlobo lobubi emndenini ohlaselwe.

Ukuze bakhiphe isigebengu, babeshaya izindonga ngomshanelo, bamcele ukuba ahambe. Khona-ke, wonke umndeni, ugqoke izingubo zomkhosi, wawuphuma ungene egcekeni futhi ubize i-domovoi yawo ngesimemo: "Mkhulu uDomovoi! Buyela nathi ekhaya, yenze indawo yokuhlala unakekele nemfuyo."Ngale kholi, umoya oqotho kwadingeka ubuyele kubantu bawo nokubuyisela ukuzwana kwasekhaya.

Eminye imimoya yasekhaya neyasemaphandleni

Ngaphandle kwe-domovoi ne-dvorovoi, izwe lamaSlavic lalazi umlaza wemimoya exhumene nezikhala ezithile emnothweni wasemaphandleni. I-ovinnik yengobo, i-polevik yesibuya noma insimu, kanye ne-bannik yendlu yokugezela ihlanganisa umthetho ocacile: Lapho usuka ekhaya, umoya unobuthaUmusa wabo wawuncike ekuhlonipheni imithetho yabo nasekugcineni isikhathi ngeminikelo.

I-ovinnik ivikela okusanhlamvu, kodwa ingabasabisa lapho inganakwa; i-polevik, umoya wamasimu, ibeka izigqi nemingcele yomsebenzi; u-bannik okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla uqapha izindawo zokugeza, ngokungahambisani nezimiso nemithandazo. Ngokuhlangene, lezi zidalwa zakha a indlela yokuziphatha yempilo yezolimo, ukuqondisa inhlanzeko, ukuhleleka nobuhlakani kanye nenhlanhla.

I-Dvorovoi kanye nenganekwane namuhla

Inkolelo ecacile iyancipha, kodwa izibalo zisalokhu ziphila emcabangweni. I-domovoi, isibonelo, ivela ezincwadini, ifilimu, kanye nopopayi njengomqaphi onomusa noma umoya ongenangqondo osayala inhloniphoIsiko liyaphikelela ukuthi: awumchukumisi ngokuphazamiseka, ukuklabalasa, noma ukungahlanzeki; umoya ojabulayo uletha inhlanhla, othukuthele uletha inkathazo.

Izindaba zesimanje nokuhunyushwa kabusha kwalezi zidalwa kwabelwana ngazo emiphakathini eku-inthanethi namaphrojekthi wokufundisa, kugcinwe ubukhona bazo obungokomfanekiso ezindlini namasiko adumile. I-Dvorovoi kanye nesimo sayo semimoya yasekhaya iyaqhubeka nokuvuka ilukuluku, uthando kanye nokuthinta ukwesaba.

Umbono wezwe ongcwele wamaSlav

Ngaphambi kobuKristu, inkolo yamaSlavic yavela enkolweni yamadlozi yaya eqenjini lamandla emvelo nonkulunkulu. I-Historiography ibhala izikhombo zakuqala, njengeProcopius yaseKhesariya ngekhulu lesi-7, kanye I-Chronica Slavorum kaHelmold ekhulwini le-12, lapho kukhulunywa khona ngemimoya nonkulunkulu abanjengoSvantevit noma abantu ababenamademoni ababhali abangamaKristu. Lokhu kuthutha kuyabonisa i-cosmology ekabili kanye ne-cyclical okwakugcwele yonke into, kusukela ezulwini kuye emhlabeni nasemhlabeni.

Okubili kugcwele umbono wezwe: ukukhanya/ubumnyama, ubudoda/umfazi, ukuhleleka/isiphithiphithi, nonkulunkulu abahlanganisa izinkathi zonyaka, imimoya, ukuduma, noma amanzi. Kulo mongo, ikhaya yi-microcosm: Okwenzeka e-izba nasezindaweni ezizungezile kufingqa ukuziphatha kanye nempilo yomndeni.

Onkulunkulu abakhulu nezinhlaka zabo

• Belobog futhi ChernobogUNkulunkulu Omhlophe/Omnyama ababili baveza ukungezwani phakathi kokukhanya nethunzi, okuhle nokubi, isigqi esinciphayo nesinciphayo; ama-echoes ayo avela ekuphikisaneni okufana ne-Svarog-Perun ngokumelene neVeles.
• Svarog: unkulunkulu womlilo wasezulwini nomkhandi, umthwali welanga nomthambisi wamadragoni; ngezinye izikhathi uchazwa njengomfundisi wabanye onkulunkulu.
• U-Perun: inkosi yokuduma nombani, ehambisana ne-oki, izikhali, amahhashi, nezintaba; kwezinye izindaba, unkulunkulu ophakeme we-pantheon.
• Veles: kuhlotshaniswa namahlathi, imfuyo, imilingo, nengcebo; imbangi yaphezulu kaPerun kanye nomvikeli wezimbongi nabaculi ngokusho kwe-Indo-European etymologies kanye nokufana.
• Rod: umdali, unkulunkulu wendawo yonke, nomahluleli wesiphetho; inkolo yakhe yayigubha ukuzalwa kanye nomjikelezo wendawo yonke emelelwa isondo nezimbali.
• UMokosh: unkulunkulukazi omkhulu omanzi womhlaba, ukugxila kokuzinikela okudumile okuphikelelayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaSlav aseMpumalanga.
• Svetovid ( Svantevit ): unkulunkulu onamakhanda amane ohlobene nokubhula, impi, nokukhanya; yayinendawo engcwele edumile esiqhingini saseRügen.
• Jarilo: unkulunkulu wezimila, wenzalo, nentwasahlobo; uphawu lokuphindukuzalwa konyaka.
• I-Dažbog (Dazhbog): ehlotshaniswa nelanga nokuchuma, ephakanyiswe njengeqhawe lamasiko kanye nomvikeli walabo abafuna amandla nengcebo.
• ngaphandle: unkulunkulu ophilisayo ohambisana nelanga lasebusika kanye nokunqoba izifo.
• I-Stribog: umkhulu wemimoya, nkosi yomoya namazulu; igama lakhe lisekhona emagameni endawo namasiko.
• I-Radegast: imelelwe ngezici ezinamandla, uphondo nesigqoko sokuzivikela, uma izazi ezithile ziqhathaniswa nemibono yamaVeda.
• Ny: inkosi yezwe elingaphansi komhlaba, umhlahlandlela wemiphefumulo, futhi uhlotshaniswa namanzi, izinyoka, umlilo, nokuzamazama komhlaba; idemoni ekufundweni kwakamuva.
• I-Devana: unkulunkulukazi wokuzingela namahlathi, umlingani weVeles, ogujwa entwasahlobo.
• Berstuk: isibalo esibi sasehlathini, esinemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi nezici ezifana nezilwane.
• Inothi elilodwa: EWolin, babekhonza UJulius Khesari njengosanta ongumvikeli wedolobha, ubufakazi be-syncretisms yendawo kanye nezabelomali.

Izindaba zokusungula

Inganekwane yendalo ilandisa ukuthi, phakathi kwezinxushunxushu zangaphambili, uRod wehla kanjani eqandeni legolide futhi wahlukanisa ukukhanya nobumnyama. Kuleso senzo kwazalwa ilanga nenyanga, kwase kuba amanzi, umhlaba, izihlahla, nezilwane. Waphephetha, waphuma umoya Lada, unkulunkulukazi wothandoUmhlaba wahlukaniswa waba izulu, umhlaba, nomhlaba ongaphansi, unesihlahla esikhulu somhlaba esihlanganisa izimpande, isiqu, nombhede.

Ukuze bahlele imijikelezo, uRod noLada banikeza uSvarog ukuphila, owavula izindlela zelanga nenyanga. Kwenye indaba, uChernobog, inkosi yezithunzi, uhlela ukunqoba indawo yonke njengeNyoka Emnyama. I-Svarog yakha abalingani abanjengoDazhbog, Hors, Stribog, noSimargl; impi phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama ilandela kuze kufike unkulunkulu we-forge vala iChernobog esifubeni somlingo, ebeka umbandela owodwa: ubumnyama abusoze bubusa umhlaba ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuchaza izigqi zemini nobusuku.

Izidalwa kanye nezidalwa zomcabango wamaSlavic

• Azhdaya: udrako ozalwa yinyoka ephila isikhathi eside; ngokuvamile inamakhanda angajwayelekile, ikhafula umlilo futhi ibangele isichotho, ishwabadela imfuyo noma abantu.
• I-Alkonost: inyoni enomzimba wesifazane nezwi elimnandi eliletha imiyalezo evela kweminye imihlaba; amaqanda ayo asebusika olwandle ahlotshaniswa nezikhathi zokuzola nesiphepho.
• Baba Yaga: umthakathi, ukwesatshwa kwezingane, nomqaphi wolwazi; uhlala eqhugwaneni elinezinyawo zenyoni futhi uvuselela ngetiye lama roses aluhlaza, ngokusho kwezinye izinguqulo.
• Babaroga: isalukazi esinezimpondo zemigede emnyama esithumba izingane ezingalaleli.
• Balachko: umdondoshiya onamakhanda amathathu ovela ezindabeni zase-Serbian onomoya ovuthayo nomoya oneqhwa.
• I-Bogatyr: Iqhawe laseRussia lenkathi ephakathi, elifana ne-Western knight-errant.
• Gamayun: inyoni engokwesiprofetho eseduze no-Iriy, isithunywa saseVeles, owazi onkulunkulu nendalo; ukundiza kwayo ngasempumalanga kungaletha iziphepho ezibulalayo.
• Domovoi: umoya wendlu, osewuchaziwe, umvikeli wekhaya, imfuyo kanye nokubumbana komndeni.

Izinganekwane nezinganekwane

Ezindabeni ezimfushane, ubuqili nokuziphatha okuhle kuvela phambili. Ku-"Crow and the Crab," ukuthopha kwenza igwababa livule umlomo walo futhi ulahlekelwe inyamazane yakho olwandleKu-"The Crane and the Flamingo," laba ababili bahlongozana ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokwenza njalo, umfanekiso omayelana nokungabi nasinqumo nokuziqhenya.

Inganekwane kaMatryoshka ikhuluma ngombazi uSergei, oqopha unodoli othandekayo kangangokuthi wenqaba ukuwuthengisa. Unodoli ubuyisela imikhonzo yakhe, izifiso ngenzalo, futhi ngemva kokuqoshwa okwengeziwe, kuzalwa umkhaya wonodoli abazalela. agcine esehamba yedwa, echaza inganekwane yomsuka wayo.

Mayelana noBaba Yaga, izinguqulo eziningi zimbonisa njenge-ambivalent: ushwabadela izingane futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ugada amanzi okuphila nokufa. Kwesinye isikhathi uklomelisa labo abaphothula izivivinyo zakhe, kanti kwezinye uyazifaka izimo ezingenakwenzeka endlini yakhe yonyawo lwenyoni.

Isipoki sikaZhuzha sihlupha eMoscow ngemva kokuba egilwe wabulawa lapho ezwa izindaba ezingamanga zokuzibulala kwesithandwa sakhe; abathintekayo ekusabalaliseni amahlebezi bagcina befile, nesipoki sakhe Ibikezela ukulahlekelwa kunoma ubani oyibonayo.

Inkosikazi yeqhwa, uSgroya, ijezisa abangathembeki: iyayenga emigwaqweni futhi, lapho iqabula, iphendukela eqhweni, ibangele ukufa ngokubanda noma ukuhlanya, isixwayiso ngokumelene nokuvukela umbuso.

Idolobha laseKitezh lizicwilisa eLake Svetloyar libalekela amaMongol, lingabonakali kubo bonke ngaphandle kwabamsulwa. Abahlaseli bathola amanzi lapho izindonga kufanele ngabe zikhona, kanye nedolobha igcinwe emfihlakalweni yasemanzini.

INkosana u-Ivan kanye no-Koschei the Immortal bahlanganisa umjikelezo wokuwa nokubuya: U-Ivan ukhulula ngokungaqondile u-Koschei, othumba uMarya Morevna; ngemva kokufa nokuvuswa kwamanzi okuphila nokufa, nosizo lwezilwane noBaba Yaga, u-Ivan uthola ihhashi elisheshayo futhi uhlula uKoschei ngokukhahlelwa yihhashi lakhe, eshisa izinsalela zakhe.

Imidondoshiya eyisikhombisa yase-Urals itshela ukuthi insizwa, ehlome inkemba yemimoya yomlingo, iphendulela imidondoshiya eyisithupha eyayifuna ukuthumba udadewabo ngamatshe, ngenani lokuzilimaza, ichaza Man-Pupu-Nyor monoliths.

Umakoti oyisipoki, ugqozi lwezinganekwane zanamuhla, usuka ebugebengwini obubhekiswe kwabesifazane abangamaJuda lapho beya emshadweni wabo. Insizwa idlala indandatho emunweni ekholelwa ukuthi igatsha; owesifazane oshonile ufuna amalungelo akhe omshado, futhi, ekugcineni, thola induduzo nokuphumula lapho umakoti ophilayo ethembisa ukwabelana ngephupho lakhe lokuba ngumama.

Isiqhingi saseBuyan sinikeza indawo yokukhosela elangeni nasemoyeni, futhi sigada itshe le-Alaturi eliphulukisayo. Lapho, u-Koschei ufihla umphefumulo wakhe yenaliti ngaphakathi kweqanda, elibekwe epuletini, unogwaja, nesifuba esingcwatshwe ezimpandeni zomuthi: noma ubani othola iqanda. bubusa ikusasa lomthakathi.

Ku-bylina ka-Sadko, umculi waseNovgorod uwina ukubheja ngenhlanzi enegolide ngenxa kankulunkulu weLake Ilmen. Kamuva, amanzi afuna inkokhiso; USadko udlala esigodlweni sikankulunkulu aze aphakamise amagagasi olwandle. Ikhehla lisikisela ukuba ligqashule izintambo licele ukubuyela ezweni lakubo; ezinguqulweni ezinwetshiwe, uyakugwema ukubanjwa. ekhetha omncane wamadodakazi kankulunkulu ngaphandle kokuwuqeda umshado, kanjalo ubuyela ekhaya.

Izifundo, ukusinda namasiko

Ucwaningo lwanamuhla luye lwahlela la masiko: izincwadi ezidumile nezemfundo zezinganekwane zesiRashiya nesiSlavic ziyagqama, njengalezo zika-Elizabeth Warner, W. E. S. Ralston, kanye nezinhlanganisela ezihlelwe nguRoy Willis. Ukufunda kwakhe kubonisa ukuqhubeka kwezinkolelo ezifana ne-domovoi noma i-rusalka ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, kanye ukuguqulwa konkulunkulu nezidalwa kubuKristu kanye nesimanje.

Namuhla, i-domovoi ne-dvorovoi zivela zenziwe isitayela kumanoveli, amafilimu, imidwebo, nemisebenzi yezandla yasendlini. Isithombe sabo sihlala ezintweni eziyisikhumbuzo nasezindabeni eziku-inthanethi, okusikhumbuza ukuthi, ngaphansi kokuhleka nokwesaba, kulele isimilo sasekhaya: ukuhleleka, inhlonipho, ukunakekelwa kwezilwane kanye nokungenisa izihambi.

Lonke lolu hlaka, kusukela e-Dvorovoi yepulazi lepulazi kuya ku-domovoi yeziko, kusukela kunkulunkulu wokuduma kuya ezinyoni ezingokwesiprofetho, kudweba isithombe sezwe lapho usuku nosuku olungcwele luhlangana khona: uma indlu inokuthula futhi indawo yasemaphandleni ihlelekile, imimoya iyasiza; uma kukhona ukudelela noma ukuzikhukhumeza, baqinisa izikulufu. Lapha kulele ukuhlobana kwenganekwane yamaSlavic: fundisa ukuthi ungaphila kanjani nezwe elibonakalayo nelingabonakali ngaphandle kokwephula ibhalansi.