I-Achtung ngesiJalimane: incazelo, ukusetshenziswa kwangempela, izibonelo nama-nuances okufanele ukwazi

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Uma ubukele amamuvi noma uchungechunge lwe-TV e-Germany, ngokuqinisekile uzwile lokho kumemeza okufushane, okubukhali: 'Achtung!'. Leli gama lesiJalimane lingene emcabangweni odumile njengegama elifanayo lokuqaphela noma ukunakaKodwa incazelo yalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwangempela kubanzi futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho ezibonakala kuqala. Kule migqa, sizocubungula ithemu ngokujula, ngezibonelo zansuku zonke, ama-nuances abhalisiwe, kanye nomehluko namanye amagama afanayo.

Ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, i-'Achtung' iphinde isebenze njengebizo elinencazelo yomuntu kakhulu: inhlonipho. NgesiJalimane ungathi 'Ich habe Achtung vor ihm' ukuveza ukuthi uzizwa uhlonipha othile.Isendlalelo sencazelo abantu abaningi abangasinaki. Uzobona ukuthi ulisebenzise nini inani ngalinye, ukuthi liphinyiswa kanjani, izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela ezitholakala ezimpawini, ezikoleni, eziteshini zezitimela, noma izincwadi zemanyuwali, kanye nokuthi lisetshenziswa kanjani ngokuncokola phakathi kwabangane.

Isho ukuthini i-'Achtung' futhi iqhamukaphi?

Igama elithi 'Achtung' lisetshenziswe ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: njenge-interjection yesixwayiso (ukunaka!, qaphela!) nanjengebizo elinomqondo wenhlonipho. Iziphambano zisetshenziselwa ukudonsela ukunakekela ngokushesha engozini, isiyalezo, noma isimemezelo esibalulekile., kuyilapho ibizo libhekisela ekucabangeni nasekuhlonipheni abantu noma izenzo.

Ngokwe-etymologically, ihlobene nesenzo esithi 'achten' (ukuba khona, ukwazisa, ukucabangela), okuvela kuyo leyo ncazelo ekabili phakathi kokugxilisa ukunaka nokwazisa othile. Njengebizo, libhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi: 'die Achtung' (inhlonipho), futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa nesabizwana esithi 'vor' ukukhombisa ukuthi ubani noma yini umuntu ayihloniphayo: 'Achtung vor jemandem/etwas haben'.

Igayidi yokulinganisa: elithi 'ch' lizwakala linokhahlo, lifana nelesi-Spanish elithi 'j' kodwa linamandla, futhi elithi 'u' lifushane; u-'ng' wokugcina uphinyiswa njengomsindo wekhala le-velar, ngaphandle kuka-'g' ogcwele. Ukulinganisa okungokoqobo kuzoba into efana ne-'Ájtung', enaka ngokukhethekile umsindo 'ch'., okungeyena u-'k' noma u-'g'.

Ungaphambanisi u-'Achtung' no-'acht' (isishiyagalombili): babelana ngezinhlamvu kodwa hhayi incazelo. Ekubhaleni nasekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, ingqikithi ikwenza kucace ukuthi sikhuluma ngenombolo noma isexwayiso/inhlonipho.Ngakho-ke qaphela umusho wonke ukuze ugweme ukungezwani.

Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke nokusemthethweni kwe-'Achtung'

Ezimpilweni zansuku zonke zesiJalimane, i-'Achtung' ayiveli kuphela uma kunengozi eseduze. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukudonsa ukunaka kweqembu, ukunikeza iziyalezo, noma ukwethula iseluleko esiwusizo. okufanele ukulalela. Lokhu kuyenza ibe igama eliguquguqukayo ekilasini, emgwaqeni, eziteshini, nanoma iyiphi indawo enemiyalezo yomphakathi.

Isibonelo esibonakala kakhulu izimpawu zokuphepha: 'Achtung: Rutschgefahr' ixwayisa ngokuthi phansi kuyashelela. Le fomethi ibhala ngokucacile ubungozi ('Achtung: ...'), futhi isiza ukuvimbela abantu ekwenzeni iphutha eliwubuphukuphuku., okuthile okuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokungena ezimanzi, izitebhisi noma iziteshi.

Ezikoleni nasezilungiselelweni zemfundo, kuvamile ukuzwa: 'Achtung, Kinder!' ukwenza abafundi bame futhi banake. Ngale kokushaqeka kokuqala, umqondo uwukudala ukuthula nokugxila, njengoba singenza nge-Spanish nge-'¡Atentos, por favour!'ukusiza ukubuyisela ukulawula ikilasi ngaphandle kokungabaza.

Njengebizo, u-'die Achtung' uzwakalisa inhlonipho: 'Ich habe Achtung vor ihm' kusho ukuthi uyamazisa lowo muntu. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwengeza isici esihle nesomuntu kuleli gama, kulihlobanisa nokuqashelwa nokucatshangelwa.hhayi nje ama-alamu nezimpawu eziphuzi.

Izimo eziyisithupha zangempela lapho uzozwa khona 'Achtung'

1. Isimo esiphuthumayo: 'Hawu! Umkhuhlane!' isetshenziselwa ukuxwayisa ngomlilo noma ingozi ephuthumayo, edinga ukusabela ngokushesha.
2. Isiteshi sesitimela: 'Hawu! Der Zug fährt ab!' kukhombisa ukuthi isitimela sesizosuka, kucace bha ukuthi sigibele inqola ngaphandle kokulibala.
3. Ihlaya phakathi kozakwethuUma othile echitha itiye etafuleni, amazwi ahlekisayo athi 'Achtung…' adambisa isimo ngaphandle kokwenza idrama yengozi.
4. Imiyalo ebuthweniIndlela yokuphambana igcina ukwakheka nokugxilisana kwamasosha, ngalokho kuthintwa kwesiyalo esisheshayo.
5. izingozi zobuchwephesheKumanyuwali noma amalebula, uzobona okuthi 'Achtung: Stromschlaggefahr' ukuze uxwayise ngengozi yokushaqeka kukagesi lapho uphatha izinto zikagesi.
6. Ifilimu nethelevishiniImibhalo isebenzisa i-'Achtung' ukuze idale ukungezwani noma igcizelele isikhathi lapho othile ethola okuthile okungajwayelekile futhi axwayise okunye.

Izimpawu namamanyuwali: ukusuka ku-'Rutschgefahr' kuya ku-'Stromschlaggefahr'

Inhlanganisela 'Achtung: + risk type' iyithempulethi esabalele kakhulu Izimpawu zesiJalimane. I-'Achtung: Rutschgefahr' ixwayisa ngendawo eshelelayo, kuyilapho i-'Achtung: Stromschlaggefahr' ixwayisa ngengozi kagesi, imilayezo emibili evamile kakhulu ozoyithola ezindaweni zomphakathi nasezinsizeni zasekhaya noma zasembonini.

Lezi zaziso ziqondile, ziyabonakala, futhi kulula ukuziqonda ngisho nakuzivakashi ezingalukhulumi lolu limi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-'Achtung' kuhlanganisa ikhodi yengozi: ukubona igama nje kwanele ukulindela isexwayiso esidinga ukuqapha., okufana nokuthi 'Nakekela' noma 'Ukunaka' ngesi-Spanish ngama-pictogram asekelayo.

Ezindaweni zokusebenza, amamanuwali okuphepha ahlanganisa 'i-Achtung' ekuqaleni kwezigaba ezibucayi, ukuze umfundi angakushalazeli okubalulekile. Kuyisu lokubhala lobuchwepheshe elibeka phambili ukuvimbela ngomaka wolimi ongaqondakali., iwusizo kakhulu ekwehliseni amaphutha okusetshenziswa.

Ekilasini, ekhaya, naphakathi kwabangane: irejista nephimbo

Ngezingane noma amaqembu amakhulu, i-'Achtung' isebenza njengesishintshi somsindo, kodwa kuyatuseka ukushintsha ithoni. Uthe kungazelelwe kungazwakala njengokugunyazwa; kusho ngezwi elipholile, kuwucingo olusebenzayo lokunakwa. ngaphandle kokudala ukungezwani okungadingekile.

Ezimweni ezingakahleleki, kubonakala ngokuthinta okuhlekisayo noma okuyihaba ukuze kubhuqwe izinhlekelele ezincane zasekhaya. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuwukudlala kuthambisa ithoni ye-alamu futhi kuyenze ibe ukucwayiza okwabiwe., efana neyethu ethi 'Qaphela!' ngokumamatheka.

Esimeni sezempi, igama liphinde libe nesisindo salo sokuqondisa izigwegwe. Isetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza, ukuqinisekisa ukuma, noma ukuqalisa imiyalelo enembile.futhi kuqondwa njengokuhleleka okufushane hhayi njengokusikisela okulula.

Uhlangothi olwaziwa kancane: 'Achtung' njengenhlonipho

Njengebizo, elithi 'die Achtung' alikhulumi ngengozi, kodwa likhuluma ngenhlonipho: 'Achtung vor ihm/ihr haben' iveza inhlonipho ngothile. Le nuance ixhuma namagugu okucatshangelwa, ukuqashelwa, nesithunzifuthi ingabhekisela kukho kokubili abantu nezenzo ezibalulekile.

Ayivamisile ukuba sebuningini futhi ivela kuzingqikithi ezisemthethweni noma ezisemthethweni, ezifana ne-'Respekt'. Ngenkathi i-'Respekt' izwakala njengezwi elizwakalayo ezindaweni ezithile, i-'Achtung' igcina umuzwa ojwayelekile.nakuba womabili amagama ehlala ndawonye ngaphandle kwenkinga.

Umehluko nge-'Vorsicht', 'Aufpasen' nenkampani

Ukuze uthole izexwayiso zengozi, i-'Vorsicht' ne-'Achtung' ziyagqagqana, kodwa azifani. I-'Vorsicht' iphakamisa ubuhlakani obuqhubekayo ('ukuqapha'), kuyilapho i-'Achtung' iyisexwayiso esiqondile esidonsa ukunaka. Khona manjalo. Ngezimpawu zobuchwepheshe uzobona kokubili, kuye ngesiko noma isiko lendawo.

'I-Aufpasen' isenzo ('ukunaka, ukuqaphela'): 'Pass auf!' lifana nokuthi 'Bheka!'. Uma ufuna i-interjection yendawo yonke, 'Achtung!' noma 'Vorsicht!' zilingana kangcono kune-'Aufpasen', ezidinga ukupheleliswa ngamazwi. noma ihlanganiswe nesihloko.

Ngomqondo wenhlonipho, enye indlela eqondile yi-'Respekt'. Ukuthi 'Ich habe Respekt vor ihr' nokuthi 'Ich habe Achtung vor ihr' kuyafana, ngomehluko omncane ekurekhodeni kuye ngendawo noma umongo.

Uhlelo lolimi olubalulekile: ukubhala nokusebenzisa

Ukungenelela: 'Achtung!' ngokuvamile lilandelwa uphawu lwesibabazo futhi lungase luhambisane nenkomba ethi: 'Achtung, Kinder!' noma 'Achtung: Rutschgefahr'. Lokhu kusetshenziswa akushintshi, akwenqatshwa, futhi kusebenza njengophawu olusebenzayo lwesixwayiso..

Ibizo: 'i-die Achtung' inosonhlamvukazi futhi ivumela ukwakhiwa okufana ne-'Achtung vor + dative'. Isibonelo: 'Er hat große Achtung vor seinen Lehren' ukuveza inhlonipho ebonakalayo kothisha babo.

Isipelingi sesimanje: gwema ukuphindaphinda izimpawu zokuloba noma ukusebenzisa izimpawu zokucaphuna ezingadingekile ngesiJalimane esivamile. Umkhuba ojwayelekile ukusebenzisa i-'Achtung eyodwa, ecacile, nebonakalayo!' ngaphandle kwemihlobiso ye-typographic. lokho kuphazamisa umlayezo oyinhloko.

Imishwana ewusizo uzoyibona eJalimane

• 'Achtung, Kinder!' Ucingo oluvela kuthisha noma imonitha ukuze athulise imonitha futhi anikeze imiyalelo.
• 'Achtung: Rutschgefahr' Sayina phansi ezimanzi noma ezipholishiwe ukuze ugweme ukushelela.
• 'Awu! Der Zug fährt ab!' Isimemezelo senkundla lapho isitimela sivala iminyango yaso futhi sihamba.
• 'Ich habe Achtung vor ihm' Indlela esemthethweni yokuthi 'ngiyakuhlonipha'.

Imidiya nesiko elidumile: kungani lizwakala lijwayelekile

Amafilimu empi nochungechunge lwamaphoyisa kwenze i-'Achtung' yaduma ngaphandle komhlaba okhuluma isiJalimane. Ababhali besikrini bayisebenzisela ukukhulisa ukungezwani noma ukumaka ukusonteka okusheshayo endaweni yesehlakaloYingakho abantu abaningi beyihlobanisa nezingozi, ushushiso, noma imiyalo yokwehliswa.

Lokhu kusabalala komhlaba wonke kusungule umbono oqinile kancane kunokushiwo ukusetshenziswa kwangempela. E-Germany, uzozwa i-'Achtung' ngisho nasezimweni ezingathathi hlangothi, ezifundisayo noma kumahlaya angenabungozi., ngaphandle komkhondo wedrama yasesinema.

Izilinganiso zesi-Spanish nama-nuances okuhumusha

Njenge-interjection, 'Achtung!' ihumusha kuye ngomongo: 'Qaphela!', 'Qaphela!', 'Qaphela!' noma 'Qaphela!'. Ukukhetha kuncike ekuphuthumeni nakwirejista: '¡Ojo!' i-colloquial kakhulu; '¡Atención!' kuzwakala kuhlelekile, ilungele amaphosta nezimemezelo zomphakathi.

Njengebizo, u-'die Achtung' unquma 'ukuhlonipha', njengokuthi 'Respekt'. Emishwaneni efana nokuthi 'Ich habe Achtung vor ihm', kuhle kakhulu ukugwema ama-calques angajwayelekile futhi ukhethe iSpanishi semvelo.'Ngiyamhlonipha kakhulu.'

Amathiphu okuphimisa nokuphimisa

Ukuze uzwakale ngokucacile, biza i-guttural 'ch' futhi ugcine elithi 'u' lifushane: 'A-ch-tung'. Iphimbo eliqinile, elehlayo lidlulisa isexwayiso ngaphandle kokuzwakala linolaka., okuthile okuwusizo ezindaweni zokusebenza noma isevisi yamakhasimende.

Uma uyisebenzisa ngokuncokola, shintsha izwi lakho futhi welule kancane uhlamvu lokuqala. Lokho kuzwakalisa kwezwi vele kuveza ukuthi ayikho ingozi yangempela nokuthi kuwukucwayiza. kwabiwe nomuntu okulalelayo.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile okufanele uwagweme

Ungasebenzisi i-'Achtung' kuyo yonke into: ezimeni ezinesizotha noma ingxoxo yansuku zonke, i-'Entschuldigung' noma i-'Bitte' ifaneleka kakhulu. Ukugcina i-'Achtung' yezaziso, imiyalelo, noma ukunakwa kweqembu kugcina amandla ako okuxhumana futhi ugweme ukuzwakala kungazelelwe.

Elinye iphutha elivamile ukukhohlwa ukubaluleka kwenhlonipho yebizo. Uma ufuna ukuveza ukuhlonishwa, khumbula isakhiwo esino-'vor' esimweni se-dative. Futhi ungahlali uphendukela ku-'Respekt' ngenxa yomkhuba.

Ivela kanjani kumafomu namaphosta olwazi

Ezisetshenziswa zezilimi eziku-inthanethi nezichazamazwi, kuvamile ukumema umphakathi ukuthi uhlanganyele ekuthuthukisweni: ukubika uma ukuhumusha kungabikho, uma kunephutha, noma uma ufuna ukuthumela amazwana ajwayelekile. Lawa mafomu ngokuvamile acela isihloko nomlayezo, nezinkambu ezimakwe njengezidingekayo. ukuhlela kahle imibuzo.

Kwamanye alawa mafomu, i-imeyili iyinketho futhi isetshenziselwa ukuphendula kuphela, ngokuvumelana nenqubomgomo yabo yobumfihlo. Inkinobho yokugcina ngokuvamile ithi 'Hambisa impendulo', futhi ngezinye izikhathi isikhumbuzi siyavela njengokuthi 'Sicela ugcwalise izinkambu ezimakiwe'.esiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kufika nolwazi oluncane oludingekayo.

Yonke le ecosystem yokubamba iqhaza ichaza ukuthi kungani ubona izincazelo ezibuyekeziwe nezibonelo ezibukhoma ku-inthanethi: umbiko wabantu, ukubuyekezwa kwethimba, nokuqukethwe kuyathuthuka. Kuyindlela esebenzayo yokugcina amagama afana ne-'Achtung' esesikhathini samanje, ngokusetshenziswa okusukela ekilasini kuya kuzimpawu zobuchwepheshe., kuhlanganise nenhlonipho phakathi kwabantu.

Umhlahlandlela wesitayela esincane semibhalo nezimpawu

Kuzimpawu namaphosta, beka 'Achtung' ekuqaleni bese wengeza ingozi ethile ngamachashazi amabili: 'Achtung: ...'. Kugcine kufushane, kubonakala, futhi, uma kungenzeka, faka i-pictogram. ukuqinisa ukuqonda okubonwayo.

Emibhalweni yezemfundo, wethula i-'Achtung' njengocingo lokunakwa ngaphambi nje komyalelo obalulekile. Gwema ukuyiphinda kakhulu ukuze ingalahlekelwa umthelela wayo., futhi ishintshana nomaka abafana no-'Hinweis' (inothi) noma 'Tipp' (iseluleko) uma bungekho ubungozi obuhilelekile.

Ezimweni zezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, kuyalulekwa ukuthi unikeze ukuhumusha noma uhlu lwamagama. Uma usebenza nabasebenzi abakhuluma iSpanishi, 'Ukunakwa' noma 'Care' okulingana ne-'Achtung' kunciphisa ukudideka. futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha.

Ngale kwe-clichés, 'i-Achtung' igama elifushane, eliwusizo, futhi lesiJalimane kakhulu ku-pragmatism yalo. Kuzimpawu ezifana ne-'Achtung: Rutschgefahr' noma 'Achtung: Stromschlaggefahr', ngezwi likathisha ofuna ukuthula, noma ku-'Ich habe Achtung vor ihm' ukuveza inhloniphoIzohambisana nawe empilweni yangempela kaningi njengoba uyizwe ezinganekwaneni. Futhi mhlawumbe yingakho, ngisho nangaphandle komhlaba okhuluma isiJalimane, kuzwakala kuyinto evamile cishe kuwo wonke umuntu: inekhwalithi ekhangayo noma eqinile kuye komongo, kodwa ikwenza uhlale ucabanga.